M6U1-Grammar

Overview:infinitive,verb-ing&verb-ed(I)非谓语动词过去分词:v-ed不定式:(to)dov-ing形式动名词现在分词Reviewthegeneralfunctionofnon-finiteverbs(Tick√or×)非谓语动词成分主语谓语宾语表语定语补语状语(to)do(不定式)v-ing(动名词)v-ing(现在分词)v-ed(过去分词)√××××√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√(一)不定式和动名词作主语I.不定式作主语时,可以用it作形式主语.1.Itisimportant______Tomtogetthatjob.2.Itiskind______youtohelpmewithmyEnglish.forof总结:Itis+adj.+for/ofsbtodosth的结构中,若此形容词是说明的是不定式的性质时,则用_____;若说明的是人(sb.)的特性,则用_____.1.Itisnice___youtohelpmewithmyEnglish.2.Itisnecessary____youtoimproveyourspokenEnglish.offorforofII.动名词作主语有以下两个习惯表达法1.Itisnouse(good)+动名词.做某事没用(不好)e.g.*It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.____________________________。*在公共场合随地吐痰(spit)不好。____________________________.*未来的事无法知道。_________________________________.2.Thereisno+doing(动名词).(=Itisimpossibletodosth.)覆水难收It’snogoodspittinginpublicThereisnoknowingwhatwillhappen1.散步是锻炼的一种好方法。2.教这些孩子是我今天下午的工作。Walkingisagoodformofexercise.Toteachthesechildrenismyjobthisafternoon.III.动名词和不定式作主语的区别总结:不定式和动名词作主语的区别①todo作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作,具有偶然性;②doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作,往往表抽象概念。注意:该规则同样适用于作宾语,表语。比如:liketodo/likedoing[Practice]---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---_______hernewbike.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingC用不定式作宾语往往指具体的或一次性的行为，而动名词指概括性、经常性的动作。这类动词常用的有：like,love,prefer,hate,start,begin,continue等。e.g.Ilikereading/toreadChinaDaily.e.g.Let’scontinueplaying/toplaythePCgames.(二)不定式/动名词作宾语☆只能是动词不定式作宾语e.g.Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers.e.g.Irefusetoacceptwhateveryoubuyforme.记忆口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动应答选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,hope/expect/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help高考链接：Weagreed________here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet☆只能是动名词作宾语e.g.Iwouldappreciateyoucallingbacktonight.e.g.Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.e.g.HearingwhathappenedinSichuan,manypeoplecouldn’thelpcrying.记忆口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒险，不禁建议准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancy,avoid,misskeep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imaging,risk,can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape某些特殊动词：forget,remember,regret,stop,try,mean,goon,can’thelp;want,need,require,deserve高考链接：1.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot________.A.turningitoffB.turningitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff2.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregret________that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdonee.g.Myfavoritehobbyistocollect/collectingoldcoins.e.g.Ouraimistohelptheoldleadahappylife.(三)不定式/动名词/现在分词/过去分词作表语（跟在系动词后）☆不定式和动名词的区别1.表示一般的概念时，不定式和动名词可以互换。2.表示具体的个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。动名词做表语时，可与主语换位，回答what的问题；现在分词作表语时，表示主语的性质和特征，回答how的问题。e.g.Myjobisteaching.e.g.Thenewsissurprising.☆动名词和现在分词的区别现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人……的”，过去分词表示“感到……的”，常见的分词有：amazed/amazingannoyed/annoyinginterested/interestingpleased/pleasingsurprised/surprisingsatisfied/satisfyingamused/amusing☆现在分词和过去分词的区别Translation1.有人认为如果一本书是有趣的，它一定会使读者感兴趣的。Itisbelievedthatifabookis__________,itwillsurelymakethereader_________.2.先生、女士们，请一直坐到飞机已完全停下。Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain____________untiltheplanehascompletelystopped.interestinginterestedseated/sitting(四)不定式/动名词/分词作定语1.Shehasnopencil_______.A.towritewithB.towriteaboutC.towriteD.writein2.Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting_____.A.toattendinB.toattendC.attendD.attendingAB★若作定语的动词不定式是vi,后必须要有介词。I.不定式作定语★不定式做定语时，表将要发生的动作:(1)todo表示事情由句子主语自己做;(2)tobedone表示事情由别人做3.TomorrowI’llgoback,Ihavenothing_______(take)home.Doyouhaveanything_____________.(take)totaketobetaken---Doyouhaveanythingmore____,sir?---No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.A.typingB.tobetypedC.typedD.totypeB4.I’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething______.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.fordrinking5.Heisalwaysthefirst______questions.A.toanswerB.answeringC.tobeansweredD.beingansweredBA★不定式常作不定代词和序数词的后置定语。不定式作定语总结：1.若作定语的动词不定式是vi,后必须要有介词;2.(1)todo表示事情由句子主语自己做;(2)tobedone表示事情由别人做;3.不定式常作不定代词和序数词的后置定语。II.动名词与现在分词作定语的区别[总结]:(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰的名词的功能或用途,可用for改写；(2)现在分词作定语表示“主动/正在进行”或“令人感觉……”，与它所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主谓关系，可用定语从句改写。swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickasleepingcar=acar___________asleepingchild=achild______________forsleepingwhoissleepingIII.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别时态不同：不定式作定语通常指将要发生的动作；现在分词指正在进行的动作；过去分词指已经完成的动作。e.g.Ihavethreeletterstowrite.e.g.Doyouknowthemansittinginthemiddle?e.g.HaveyoureadanystorieswrittenbyLuXun?飘雪__________________落叶________________fallingsnowfallenleaves[Practice]1.Thecourthearsabout120casesayearandvisitorsarewelcometoseeacase___.A.arguingB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued2.Anyone_______bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice.A.seencarryB.seencarryingC.sawtocarryD.sawcarryingDB☆现在分词的完成式一般不能作后置定语，除非是非限制性的后置定语。e.g.Thisisthequestionhavingbeendiscussedforyears.e.g.Thisisthequestiondiscussedforyears.e.g.Thequestion,havingbeendiscussedforyears,hasbeensolvednow.(×)(√)(√)☆being+adj不能用作后置定语。e.g.Anyonebeingfitforthisjobcansignyournamehere.e.g.Anyone(whois)fitforthisjobcansignyournamehere.(√)(×)(五)补足语:主语补足语&宾语补足语Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim