英语派生词归纳

派生词（derivation）加前缀：happy---unhappy加后缀：develop---development既加前缀又加后缀：employ---unemployment常见的否定前缀unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,加在形容词或副词前不，未（=not)un-mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解加在名词、动词或及其派生词前表示错、误mis-discharge,排出dismiss解雇加在名词或动词前表示分离剥夺除去dislike,disbelieve加在动词前表示相反dishonour,羞辱加在名词或形容词前表示否定dis-相反动作incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前不，非，无in-，il-im-，ir-uncover,untie,unlock,undress加在动词前例词用法意义前缀anti-相反，相互对立加在名词、形容词、动词前antiwar反战的antipathy反感antithesis对立；反论antibacterial抗菌的antibody抗体antisocial反社会的de-表示去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下等加在名词前deforest砍伐森林devalue降低价值decode破译detrain下火车degrade降级ill-不加在名词、形容词前虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的ill-mannerednon-表示”不,非”加在名词、形容词、副词或作形容词的分词上nonexistenta.不存在的nonsmokinga.不准吸烟的nonstopa.直达的表示时间和其他关系的前缀superpower,超级大国，superstructure上层建筑midday,midnightinterchange,international加在名词前(=above,over,upon)加在名词前(=middle)加在名词、形容词前构成动词(=between,among)表示：高级、在之上表示：中间表示:“互相”、“在一起”co-worker,coexistco-own,co-ownerasleep,along,aloud,,alive,acrosspost-war,post-graduateprepay,prewar,preschool,prehistoryforesee,foreleg,foretell预言,foreknow预卜renew,续借reborn,rebuild,reappear,retell例词加在名词或动词前加在动词或名词前，构成派生形容词、副词或介词加在名词或形容词前(=after,behind)加在名词或形容词前(=before,infront,inadvance)加在动词或名词前(=before)用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(=again)用法表示：联合、共同表示：在之上，向，在里表示：时间和顺序的“在后边”表示：在前、事先、预先表示：时间或位置的“在前面”表示：再一次，重新意义inter-a-fore-super-mid-co-post-pre-re-前缀over-超过加在动词、名词、形容词前overstudyn.用功过度overworkn.过度劳累overactv.表演过火overdosen.药物过量overproductionn.生产过度overcrowdeda.挤满的ex-表示前面的，前任的加在名词前ex-wife前妻ex-president前任总统ex-表示出，出去exclude排外expel赶出，逐出expose暴露exalt使升高extract抽出，拔出excise切除exceed超过，超出exhale呼气multi-表示”很多,很多”multimediaa.多媒体的multiculturala.多种文化的multiforma.多种多样的tele–表示远的telephone,televisionmicro-表示“微，小”microscope显微镜microworld微观世界microwave微波microbiology微生物学microfilm微缩胶卷auto-自动的automobile汽车autobiography自传vice-表示“副”vice-president副总统vice-manager副经理macro-表示“大，宏大”Mamacroscopic(宏观)eco-生态的生态学ecology生态系统ecosystem生态友好的eco-friendlySino-中国的中日的Sino-Japanese中石化Sinopecsub-“潜，在下面，次一等，副手”潜意识（的）subconscioussubtropics亚热带subtitle副标题bi-表示两个,双边bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycletri-三个三轮车tricycle三角形triangletrans-“变换，改变，转移”tranplant移植transaction交易；办理transcribe抄写，转录transfigure改观；变形transfuse输血；充满常见的后缀表示人和物的名词后缀washer,洗衣机加在动词和名词或复合词上表示从事某工作的物-erengineer,volunteermountaineer用于外来词从事于...的人-eer-or-ist-ician-ess-or-er表示物conductor,导体，artist,socialistcommunistphysicistphysician,politicianmusicianactress,waitressvisitor,conductoreducator,translatorteacher,workerlearner,例词加在动词上加在名词上，或–ize结尾的动词上，或以-al结尾的其它词上加在以-ic结尾的名词或形容词上加于名词后，表示阴性外来后缀，加在外来词上加在动词、名词、形容词上用法表示从事某工作的物从事...职业的人，从事某种...文艺、学术的人，...主义者...(专)家，...工作者女...的与-er同义从事…职业的人，做…的人，…地方的人意义表示人后缀后缀-er构词能力loudspeaker,表示“物”，加在复合词上fighter,战斗机printer,打印机印刷者recorder,ruler既表示“人”也表示“物”，加在动词上steamer,蒸笼washer,表示“物”，加在名词上washer,boiler,container,lighter,打火机drawer,表示“物”，加在动词上housekeeper,管家,looker-on,旁观者表示“人”，加在复合词上Londoner,NewYorker,villager,Britisher,southerner,foreigner,outsider,stranger表示“人”，加在某些地点名词或某些形容词例例词词banker,,officer,lawyer,prisoner,geographer,joker,listener,adviser,speaker,writer,driver,teacher,worker,singer,leader,waiter,runner,discoverer,explorer,maker表示“人”，加在名词上表示“人”，加在动词上用用法法抽象名词和集合名词的后缀bravery,slavery,chemistry,surgery,machinery-erystrength,growth,length,wealth,truth-thchildhood,brotherhood,兄弟情谊，-hoodcitizenship,friendship,professorship,hardship,comradeship-shipdifficulty,discovery,bravery,machinery-ykingdom,wisdom,freedom-domappearance,entrance,-ancecommunism,criticism,internationalism,socialism-ismargument,statement,achievement,amusement,equipment-mentmajority,opportunity,-itykindness,illness,brightness,selflessness,correctness-nessarrival,refusal,disapproval,-alfailure,temperature,pressure,pleasure,-uremarriage,luggage,postage邮费-age后缀为-ion的名词add/addition,attend/attention,absorb/absorption,describe/description,produce/production,reduce/reduction,solve/solution,determine/determination,explain/explanation,found/foundation,observe/observation,transport/transportation有些动词不是加-ion,而是加-ition,-tion,-ation或-sion而变成名词，其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了变化。satisfy/satisfaction,modify/modification,修改多数以-fy结尾的动词先把y改成i再加-cation,少数以-efy或-fy结尾的动词先去掉y再加-action.admit/admission,commit/commission,承诺permit/permission,transmit/transmission转交以-mit结尾的动词，先把t变成-ss,再加-ion.decide/decision,divide/division,provide/provision,invade/invasion,expand/expansion,extend/extension多数以-de结尾与少数以-d结尾的动词先把-de或-d变成-s再加-ion.discuss/discussion,oppress/oppression,express/expression,possess/possession多数以-ss结尾的动词直接加-ion.act/action,invent/invention,inspect/inspection,elect/election,select/selection,connect/connection,collect/collection,instruct/instruction,devote/devotion,pollute/pollution多数以-t结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ion,少数以-te结尾的动词首先去掉e再加-ion.educate/education,liberate/liberation,translate/translation,graduate/graduation,separate/separation,operate/operation几乎所有以-ate结尾的动词在变为名词时首先去掉e再加-ion.例词规则形容词后缀yearly,daily,orderly,lively加在名词或形容词上有...性质的，...形状的-lyeastern,western,southern加在表示方位的名词上...方的-ernwooden,earthen,woolen加在物质名词上由...构(制)成的-entired,interested,learned博学cloudy,sunny,funny,sleepydan