高中英语--阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧

2016-2017年高三英语培优补差学案二Gongli/2016/11/14阅读理解之主旨大意题一、阅读技巧“tips”（一）题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。（二）题干表现形式1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?5.Whatisthe(main)purposeofthisarticle?6.Thepurposeofthepassageis___.7.What’sthetopicofthearticle?8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?9.Thepassageisintendedto_____.（三）应试技巧1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意2.无明显主题句时高频信息词一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。Exercises.Text1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.主题句在__________________________________________________Text2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocratic2discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.主题句在__________________________________________________Text3ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten(咬)bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(伤口)thatledmetothiscareer,”hesaid.In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.“IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted‘Bringmetheknife!’Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.”“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes,”Shusaid.主题句在__________________________________________________Text4Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.主题句在__________________________________________________Text5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthe3tunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels4.注意标志词文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：1)关注一些表强调转折关系的连词but,yet,however,infact,indeed等2)关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：onthewhole,inbrief/short,aboveall,afterall,allinall,inconclusion,inaword,inshort,asaresult,therefore,thus等3)如果主题句有show,indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。（四）错误干扰项选项的特点：以偏概全。只是文中某个具体事实或细节，或是一句没有展开论述的评论。主观臆断。读者往往根据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片面退出的结论而忽视了作者的见解。无关信息。既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息。Exercises.Text6LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.Themainideaofthepassageis___.A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Text7Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.4Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?A.Smokingcancausecancer.B.SmokingisaterriblekillerC.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.D.Anexperimentonsmoking.练习一：AJINTAN,JIANGSU:The20students—18boysand2girls—hadathousandreasonstobeproudofthemselves.Theyhadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(阶梯)outof4millionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest(竞赛)onTuesdayevening.The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof14.Manyoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjustunbelievable!saidateacherfromGuangdongprovince.NamedafterChina'smostfamousmathematic