2019届高三英语复习-名词性从句教学课件-(共32张PPT)

高中英语外研版高三一轮语法复习名词性从句2019.5.23GrammarNounclause名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句名词性从句引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if(在从句中不做成分，只起连接作用)连接代词：who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,whose连接副词：when,where,how,why(在从句中做状语)连接代词（a.引导词b.做从句的成分）从句中做意思what主，宾，表，定什么,所…的人/物which主,宾，表定哪个，哪些who主，宾，表谁whom宾谁whose定语谁的一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.ⅠSubjectclause引导主语从句的连词主要有:一.由that引导的主从:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3.________________________isapity.(你错过了这次机会)★that不作成分，无意义,但不能省略.后接一个完整的陈述句.ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechancethatwhether注：that引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数。That引导的主从，常用形式主语it代替，that从句后移。Thatweneedtimeisobvious.Itisobviousthatweneedtime.2.What引导的主从，what作主语，宾语或表语，表。。。的东西Whatweneedistime.Whathesaidistrue.What引导的主从，谓语动词视后面的名词而定。Whatweneedtime.Whathegavemetwobooks.isarewhat引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则不然。例如：1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.WhatThat2.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别3.由whether引导的主从:e.g.Whetherhe’llbeabletocomeisnotyetknown.Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.★主语从句不能用if来引导;Ex:1.是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.陈述语序4.疑问词引导的主语从句what;which;who;whom;when;where;why;how原则:缺什么补什么Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.Whowillwinthegameisnotclear.Wherehewillgoisunknown.Whytheyhavenotleftyetpuzzledme.Howwecangetthereisaproblem.二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：1.主语从句不能用ifWhetherhewillcomeisunknown.2.表语从句不能用if，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.同位语从句不能用if，如：Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisnotdecided.4.从句作介词的宾语不能用if，如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用if如：Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.6.Whether…ornot搭配,不能用if用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfdoubt用于肯定句，其宾从用if/whetherIdoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.Doubt用于否定句，疑问句，用thatIdon’tdoubtthathewillcometomorrow.Doyoudoubtthat…?虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用：Suggest,insist,require,order,request,demand,propose,advice+that主+should+V原形，should可省略。Hesuggestedthatameetingshouldbeheldatonce.HeinsistedthathenotbesenttoworkinTibet.ⅡObjectclause★宾语从句的注意点：1.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.Webelieveheishonest.2.如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略.Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella.that三．表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1)Thequestionis_________wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisis____wecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremains___wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereason______heislateforschoolis____hemissedtheearlybus.whether/howwhythatwhythat特殊情况：1.在seem,appear后的表语从句中可接that引导的从句,而look则不可.2.这三个词后都可用asif/asthough引导从句.Itseems/appearsthathewaslateforthetrainyesterday.Itseems/appears/looksasifwehavetogohomeonfoot.虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用：如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,require,proposal,等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.e.g.他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.★此规则同样适用于同位语从句四．同位语从句1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般跟在名词fact,news,promise,truth,belief,thought,idea,answer,doubt,hope,law,knowledge,opinion,suggestioninformation,plan,后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词的具体内容.同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarbrokedownhalfway.2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.注:1.that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别:引导同位语从句的that无实际意义,不作从句的任何成分,而引导定语从句的that从句的某个成分.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthematch.Hetoldmethenewsthatwasveryexciting.Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：同位语：修饰名词的内容定语从句：对前面的名词进行修饰，限定。Thenewsthatourteamhadwoncame.同位语从句Thenewsthat/whichheheardwastrue.定语从句同位语从句定语从句that（连词）只起连接的作用,不充当句子成分that(关系代词)充当一定的句子成分(主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示“…的”。同位语从句的that一般不能省而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省