您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 临时分类 > herman-melville
HermanMelville&MobyDick白鲸GroupTwo•Melville'schildhoodwashappytotheageofelevenwhenhisfatherdiedindebt.Hehadlittleeducationandbegantoworkearly.Hewasabankclerk,asalesman,afarmhandonhisuncle′sfarmandaschoolteacher,andwhentheseallfailedtoofferhimadecentlivelihood,hewenttoseawhenatabouttwenty.•Therearethreethingswhichdeservetomentionabouthislife.•Goingouttoseaisoneofthem,theothertwobeinghismarriageandhisfriendshipwithHawthorne.•Hisexperienceandadventureontheseafurnishedhimwithabundantmaterialforfiction.•Melvillehadtodohackworkforthemoneyheneededtokeephiswifeinherextravagantstyle.•MelvillesawinHawthornetheoneAmericanwhowasexpressivelyawareoftheevilatthecoreofAmericanlife.HefoundHawthorne'sunderstandingofevil,thatblacknessofvision,unusuallyfascinating.•Redburn《莱德伯恩》•Typee《泰比》•Omoo《奥姆》•MobyDick《白鲸》•Mardi《玛地》•WhiteJacket《白外套》•Pierre《皮埃尔》•BillyBudd《比利巴德》•TheConfidenceMan《骗子》•Clarel《克拉勒尔》Around1920,theAmericanliteraryworldrediscoveredanalmostforgottenbookandsuddenlybecomeawareofamajorAmericanwriter.ThebookisMobyDick,atremendouschronicleofawhalingvoyageinpursuitofaseeminglysupernaturalwhitewhale.MobyDickTogettoknowthenineteenth-centuryAmericanmindandAmericanitself,onehastoreadthisbook.Itisanencyclopediaofeverything,history,philosophy,religion,etc.inadditiontoadetailedaccountoftheoperationsofthewhalingindustry.•ButitisfirstaShakespeareantragedyofmanfightingagainstoverwhelmingoddsinanindifferentandevenhostileuniverse.AshehadindicatedinMardi,weshouldgettoknowtheextentofevilinlifeandthehumansoultohelpmakelifeandmanbetter.Asheputsit,“Thewaytoheavenisthroughhell.”•麦尔维尔把认为对自己观点有用的东西都放进了《白鲸》这部作品里。故事的情节大致是这样的:伊希梅尔心情沮丧,希望通过登上捕鲸船出海来逃避现实。船长阿哈伯只有一条腿,因为上一次出海时白鲸莫比·迪克咬断了他的一条腿。阿哈伯发誓要杀掉白鲸,他在桅杆上悬上金币,奖励给最先看到白鲸的人。这条船捕到了很多鲸鱼,但是阿哈伯执意要捕到白鲸才能返航。最后白鲸出现了,他们也开始了和白鲸的毁灭之战。第一天,白鲸掀翻了一条船;第二天,他又掀翻了一条船。到了第三天,阿哈伯和船员将鱼叉叉在白鲸身上,但是白鲸和船一起走向了毁灭。除了伊希梅尔以外,船上的船员无一生存,最后由伊希梅尔向我们讲述这个故事。•MobyDickisasprawlingcolossusintowhichtheauthorkeptdumpingeverythinghesawasnecessarytoprovehispoint.Thestorygoesroughlyasfollows.Ishmael,feelingdepressed,seeksescapebygoingouttoseaonthewhalingship,Pequod.ThecaptainisAhab,themanwithoneleg.MobyDick,thewhitewhale,hadshearedoffhislegonapreviousvoyage,andAhabresolvestohunthimtothekill.Hehangsadoubloononthemastasarewardforanyonewhosightsthewhalefirst.•ThePequodmakesagoodcatchofwhalesbutAhabrefusestoturnbackuntilhehaskilledhisenemy.Eventuallythewhiteoverturnsaboat;ontheseconditswampsanother.Whenthethirddaycomes,Ahabandhiscrewmanagetoplungeaharpoonintoit,butthewhalecarriesthePequodalongwithittoitsdoom.Allonboardthewhalergetdrowned,exceptone,Ishmael,whosurvivestotellthetale.《白鲸》是一部融戏剧、冒险、哲理、研究于一体的鸿篇巨制。依托美国资本主义上升时期工业发达、物质进步的时代背景,作者将艺术视角伸向了艰辛险阻、财源丰厚的捕鲸业,以沉郁瑰奇的笔触讲述了阿哈伯船长指挥下的“皮阔德号”捕鲸船远航追杀白鲸最后与之同归于尽的海洋历险故事。在与现实生活的相互映照中,作者寓事于理,寄托深意,或讲历史,谈宗教,或赞自然,论哲学,闲聊中透射深刻哲理,平叙中揭示人生真谛,不但为航海、鲸鱼、捕鲸业的科学研究提供了丰富的材料,而且展现了作家对人类文明和命运的独特反思。TheAnalysisofMobyDick1MobyDickrepresentsthesumtotalofMelville’sbleakviewoftheworldinwhichhelived.Mancanobserveandevenmanipulateinaprudentway,buthecannotinfluenceandovercomenatureatitssource.Hemust,ultimately,placehimselfatthemercyofnature.Onceheattemptstoseekpoweroveritheisdoomed.TheideathatmancanmaketheworldforhimselfisnothingbutaTranscendentalistfolly.2Oneofthemajorthemesofthisnovelisalienation疏远,whichexistsinthelifeofMelvilleondifferentlevels,betweenmanandman,manandsociety,andmanandnature.MelvillealsocriticizesNewEnglandTranscendentalismofitsemphasisonindividualismandOversoul.Anotherthemeofthisnovelis“rejectionandquest”.•该小说的主题是疏离。疏离存在于麦尔维尔生活时代的不同层次,如人与人之间,人与社会之间,以及人与自然之间。麦尔维尔同时对新英格兰超验主义过度强调个人主义和超灵进行批判。该小说的另外一个主题是拒绝与追求。3•Thenovelishighlysymbolic.Thevoyageisametaphorfor“searchanddiscovery,thesearchfortheultimatetruthofexperience.MobyDickisthemostconspicuoussymbolinthebookanditiscapableofmanyinterpretations.Itisasymbolofeviltosome,oneofgoodnesstoothers,andbothtostillothers.Itswhitenessisaparadoxicalcolor,signifyingasitdoesdeathandcorruptionaswellaspurity,innocence,andyouth.Itrepresentsthefinalmysteryoftheuniversewhichmanwilldowelltodesistfrompursing.•该小说富有象征意义。航行本身是探索和发现,寻求最终真相的隐喻。莫比·迪克是全书中最明显的象征,它可以有多种解释。有人认为它代表邪恶,有人认为它代表善良,也有人认为它二者兼有。它的白色是自相矛盾的颜色,既代表了死亡和腐朽,又代表了纯洁,天真和青春。它代表宇宙的最终奥秘。•白鲸就是一个非常复杂的象征,代表了不可理解的大千世界和不可探索的宇宙奥秘。它是智慧,美,力量,狡诈,暴虐和毁灭的综合化身,是令人敬畏的宇宙之谜。皮阔德号原为美国康涅狄格州东部一个濒临灭绝的印第安部落。麦尔维尔以这样一个行将涅灭的印第安部族为船名,一方面是要唤起世人对这一不断遭受白人屠杀的部落的记忆,另一方面则预示了这艘捅鲸船最终毁灭的命运。4•Melvillemanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughemployingthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarratives.Hetendstowriteperiodicsentences.Hisrichrhythmicalproseandhispoeticpowerhavebeenprofuselycommenteduponandpraised.•麦尔维尔通过运用多重视角的技巧以实现模棱两可的效果。他富有韵律的散文和诗意被大众评论和赞美。•《白鲸》的语言亦有独特之处,介于诗和小说之间,有点像散文,并且受到《圣经》和莎士比亚诗剧的影响。整部作品风格宏伟庄严,感情深沉凝重,十分切合小说的主题和象征,体现了作者超高的艺术功力。当然,《白鲸》中也有一些有关鲸鱼知识方面的大段描写显得有些冗赘,此外,还有一些偏离主题的叙述和议论。这些都在某种程度上削弱了小说的艺术魅力。然后,作品中的幽默成分或多或少的冲淡了一些《白鲸》的沉闷气氛。
本文标题:herman-melville
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-1494760 .html