BEC中级第二辑阅读真题及答案详解

1thecontactbetweencoachandemployeenotsolvingalldifficultiesatwork2thediscussionofhowcertainsituationscouldbebetterhandlediftheyoccuragain3acoachencouraginganemployeetoapplywhathasbeentaughttoroutineworksituations4coachingprovidingnewinteresttoindividualswhoareunhappyintheircurrentpositions5coachingprovidingasupportiveenvironmenttodiscussperformance6employeesbeingaskedtoanalysethemselvesandpractisegreaterself-awareness7coachingenablingacompanytorespondrapidlytoalackofexpertiseinacertainareaCoachingACoachinginvolvestwoormorepeoplesittingdowntogethertotalkthroughissuesthathavecomeuprecentlyatwork,andanalysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwithmoreeffectivelyonsubsequentoccasions.Coachingthustransfersskillsandinformationfromonepersontoanotherinanon-the-jobsituationsothattheworkexperienceofthecoachisusedtoadviseandguidetheindividualbeingcoached.Italsoallowssuccessesandfailurestobeevaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.BCoachingmeansinfluencingthelearner'spersonaldevelopment,forexamplehisorherconfidenceandambition.Itcantakeplaceanytimeduringanindividual'scareer.Coachingisintendedtoassistindividualstofunctionmoreeffectively,anditisapowerfullearningmodel.Itbeginswhereskills-basedtrainingends,andhelpsindividualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations.Individualsbeingcoachedareinademandingsituationwiththeircoach,whichrequiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourandquestiontheirreasonsfordoingthings.CThecoachprofessionallyassiststhecareerdevelopmentofanotherindividual,outsidethenormalmanager/subordinaterelationship.Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswerstoeveryproblem,butinpracticeitfallsshortofthis.However,itcanprovideaspacefordiscussionandfeedbackontopicssuchaspeoplemanagementandskills,behaviourpatterns,confidence-buildingandtimemanagement.Throughcoaching,anorganisationcanmeetskillsshortages,discusstargetsandindicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,allatshortnotice.DEffectivecoachesareusuallythosewhogetsatisfactionfromthesuccessofothersandwhogivetimetothecoachingrole.Givingpeoplecoachingresponsibilitiescansupporttheirdevelopment,eitherbyencouragingmanagementpotentialthroughsmall-scaleone-to-oneassignments,orbyprovidingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobs.Acoachisalsoaconfidentialadviser,accustomedtodevelopingpositiveandeffectiveapproachestocomplexmanagement,organisationalandchangeproblems.这篇文章讲的是培训（coaching）的作用。培训对一个公司的发展和员工的成长都是至关重要的。文章的内容比较泛，但是题目的答案比较明显。第一题，教练和员工之间的接触不能解决工作中的所有困难。答案是C段的这么一句：Intheory,thecoachingrelationshipshouldprovideanswerstoeveryproblem,butinpracticeitfallsshortofthis.理论上，培训可以提供所有问题的答案。但是实践中达不到这样。Fallshortof是关键词。第二题，讨论某些情况如果再度出现的话怎么样可以处理的更好。答案是A段的这么一句：analysinghowtheyweremanagedandhowtheymightbedealtwithmoreeffectivelyonsubsequentoccasions.分析应该如何进行处理并且在接下来的情况下怎样可以处理的更有效。这里的dealtwithmoreeffectively对应于题干中的betterhandled，onsubsequentoccasions.也就是occuragain。第三题，教练鼓励员工将所学应用到日常的工作中。答案是B段的这么一句：helpsindividualstouseformallylearntknowledgeinday-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations.帮助个人将学到的正式知识用在日常工作和管理情况下。这里的day-to-dayworkandmanagementsituations就是题干中的routineworksituations，whathasbeentaught也就是formallylearntknowledge。第四题，培训为在现有岗位上不高兴的个人提供了新的兴趣。答案是D段的这么一句：providingaddedjobsatisfactiontomanagerswhofeeltheyarestuckintheirpresentjobs。对感觉自己在现有岗位上受困的经理们提供附加的工作满足感。这里的stuckintheirpresentjobs就是题干中的unhappyintheircurrentposition，addedjobsatisfaction可以对应于题干中的newinterest。第五题，培训提供了一个有力的、支持性的讨论工作表现的环境。答案是A段的：Italsoallowssuccessesandfailurestobeevaluatedinanon-threateningatmosphere.它允许成功和失败在一个没有威胁的气氛下被评估。成功和失败也就是performance，supportiveenvironment可以对应于non-threateningatmosphere。第六题，员工被要求分析他们自己并且培养出更强的自知。有必要理解下self-awareness的含义，不能简单的从中文理解成自我意识，看英文解释：knowledgeandunderstandingofyourself。所以答案是B段的这么一句：requiresthemtoconsidertheirownbehaviourandquestiontheirreasonsfordoingthings.要求他们考虑自己的行为并且思考这么做的理由。considertheirownbehaviour可以对应于题干中的analysethemselves，思考这么做的理由也是为了进一步增进对自己的认识。第七题，培训可以使得公司对某个领域的技术缺失迅速做出反应。答案是C段的最后一句：indicatehowemployeesshoulddealwithchallengingsituations,allatshortnotice.指出员工怎样处理有挑战性的情况，在短时间内。Atshortnotice是一接到通知就，短时间内的意思,可以对应这一题的respondrapidly，challengingsituations可以指代题干中的alackofexpertiseinacertainarea.BUFFETZONELucyRobertsonstartedworkingatatakeawayfoodbusinesstosupplementherincomeduringherstudentdaysatEdinburghUniversity,Severalyearslatershehadboughtthebusinessandnow,17yearson,sheownsGrapevineCaterers,probablyScotland'sleadingindependentcaterers,withaturnoverofalmost￡6m.Shehadneverplannedtoownabusiness,andhadcertainlyneverconsideredacareerincatering.(0).......However,herunplannedcareerbeganin1985,whenshereturnedtoEdinburghanddiscoveredthatthetakeawayshehadworkedinwasupforsale.Onimpulse,sheboughtit,butadmitsthatatthetimesheknewnothingaboutcatering.(8).........Itwasadifficulttime,butessentialintermsofgainingtheexperiencesheneeded.Thelate1980sboomwasgoodforbusiness,withlargenumbersofofficeworkerswantingtakeawayfoodfortheirlunches.(9)........'Atonepointtherewere26foodoutletswithina5-kilometreradius,'Robertsonrecalls.Astheeconomychange