transportation

LearningobjectiveTounderstandthenatureoftransportationTolearnthefivemodesoftransportationTogetfamiliarwithintermodaltransportIntroductionofTransportationKeyterms:transportation运输transportationmode运输方式roadtransportation公路运输railtransportation铁路运输waterwaytransportation水路运输airtransportation航空运输pipelinetransportation管道运输intermodaltransportation多式联运GeneralIntroductionofTransportationWhatistransportation?Transportationisthemovementofpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.What’retheroleoftransportation?Transportationplaysakeyroleineconomicsuccessbyallowingforthesafeandefficientdistributionofgoodsandservicesthroughoutthesupplychain.Transportationlinksthevariousintegratedlogisticsactivities.Withouttransportation,theintegratedlogisticssystembreaksdown.Majormodesoftransportation:Railwaytransportation,roadtransportation,waterwaytransportation,airtransportationandpipelinetransportationIntermodaltransportationoccurswhentwomodesormoreworkcloselytogetheronaregularbasis,utilizingtheadvantageofeachothers.多式联运是指两种或两种以上的运输方式利用各自优势，进行常规的合作DiversityofTransportationModesRoadtransportationPleasereadtheparagraphsaboutroadtransportationanddiscuss:Whatarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofroadtransportation?Answer:CapableofprovidingadoortodoorserviceFlexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”deliveryForhigher-value/lower-volumecargooverrelativelyshortdistanceIntensecompetitionRailtransportationPleasereadtheparagraphsaboutrailtransportationanddiscuss:Whatarethemostimportantcharacteristicsofrailtransportation?Answer:Offerscost-effectivetransportoverlongdistancesGoodforcargoswithhighvolumeandlowvalueConsumeslessenergyWaterwaytransportationWaterwaytransportationincludesmaritimetransportationandrivertransportation.Andmaritimetransportationcanbedividedintotwoparts:coastaltransportandoceanshipping.Themostimportantcharacteristicsofwaterwaytransportationinclude:Bigcapacity,goodsforlargequantityofcargosConnectsportsfromdifferentcontinentsThecleanestamongalltransportationmodesAirtransportationThemostimportantcharacteristicsofairtransportationinclude:Itofferrapid,flexibledeliveryExpensivecomparedtothechargesoflandandoceanfreightMainlyforvaluableorperishablegoodsAirfreightservicestendedtobeunreliablePipelinestransportationThemostimportantcharacteristicsofpipelinetransportationinclude:Designedforaspecificpurposeonly,tocarryonecommodityfromalocationtoanotherEffectiveintransportinglargequantitiesofproductsLinkisolatedareasofproductionwithmajorcentersofrefiningandmanufactureCompetitionbetweenTransportationModesEachoftransportationmodehasitskeyoperationalandcommercialadvantages(SeeTable2-1).Asaresult,modescancompeteorcomplementeachotherintermsofcost,speed,accessibility,frequency,safety,comfort,etc.因此，运输方式之间能够在成本、速度、可得性、经常性（服务频率）、安全性和舒适程度等方面相互竞争或补充。Notes:1.Transportationisthemovementofpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Railwaytransportation,roadtransportation,waterwaytransportation,airtransportationandpipelinetransportationmakeupthemajormodesoftransportinmodernsociety.运输是人和物品在两地之间的移动。现代社会的主要运输方式包括铁路运输、公路运输、水路运输、航空运输和管道运输。2.Inroadtransportmarket,operatorsareabletouseexistingroadwayinfrastructureanddonotneedtoputinabigcapitalinvestmentaheadoftime.Hence,therearelotsofcompetitorsofferingthesamekindofservicewithcompetitiveprices.在公路运输市场中，承运人可以使用现有的公路设施，无须先进行大量的资本投入。因此这个市场中竞争者很多，他们以有竞争力的价格提供相似的服务。3.Railoffersthecost-effectivetransportoflargequantitiesofcargosoverlongdistances.Itisespeciallygoodforcargoswithhighvolumeandlowvalue,suchascoal,timberandgrain.铁路为大宗货物的长距离运输提供经济的运输服务。体积大、价值低的货物，比如煤炭、木材和谷物，特别适合使用铁路进行运输。4.Itofferrapid,flexibledelivery,butitisalsoperceivedasexpensivecomparedtothechargesoflandandoceanfreight.Bulkycargowithlowunitvaluecannotaffordtoshipbyair.它能提供快速、灵活、机动的运输服务，但是大家认为和水陆货物运输相比，航空费用昂贵。低值而体积大的货物难以承受航空运输的价格TopicforDiscussion:讨论话题1.Discusstheimportantroletransportationplaysinlogisticssystem.2.Thepicturebelowshowsusthecapacitydifferencesofavarietyoftransportmodes,pleasediscuss:whyarethesedifferencesimportanttous?