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溢流坝水力计算一、基本资料:为了解决某区农田灌溉问题。于某河建造拦河溢流坝一座,用以抬高河中水位,引水灌溉。进行水力计算的有关资料有:设计洪水流量为550m3/s;坝址处河底高程为43.50m;由灌区高程及灌溉要求确定坝顶高程为48.00m;为减小建坝后的壅水对上游的影响,根据坝址处河面宽度采用坝的溢流宽度B=60m;溢流坝为无闸墩及闸门的单孔堰,采用上游面铅直的三弧段WES型实用堰剖面,并设有圆弧形翼墙;坝前水位与河道过水断面面积关系曲线,见图15.2;坝下水位与河道流量关系曲线,见图15.3;坝基土壤为中砾石;河道平均底坡;00127.0i河道实测平均糙率04.0n。二、水力计算任务:1.确定坝前设计洪水位;2.确定坝身剖面尺寸;3.绘制坝前水位与流量关系曲线;4.坝下消能计算;5.坝基渗流计算;6.坝上游壅水曲线计算。三、水力计算1、确定坝前设计洪水位坝前设计洪水位决定于坝顶高程及设计水头dH,已知坝顶高程为4800m,求出dH后,即可确定坝前设计洪水位。溢流坝设计水头dH可用堰流基本方程(10.4)3202HgmBQ计算.因式中及、0H均与dH有关,不能直接解出dH,故用试算法求解。设dH=2.53m,则坝前水位=48.00+2.53=50.53m.按坝前水位由图15.2查得河道过水断面面积A0=535m2,又知设计洪水流量图15.2图15.3,则smQ/5503mgavHHmgavsmAQvd586.2056.053.22056.08.9203.10.12/03.15255502002000按设计洪水流量Q,由图15.3查得相应坝下水位为48.17m.下游水面超过坝顶的高度15.0066.0586.217.017.000.4817.480Hhmhst下游坝高0.274.1586.250.450.400.4300.4801Hama因不能完全满足实用堰自由出流条件:故及,0.215.0010HaHhs为实用堰淹没出流。根据010HaHht及值由图10.17查得实用堰淹没系数999.0。因溢流坝为单孔堰,溢流孔数n=1;溢流宽度60bBm。按圆弧形翼墙由表10.4查得边墩系数7.0k.则侧收缩系数nbHnk00])1[(2.01994.0601586.27.02.01对于WES型实用堰,当水头为设计水头时,流量系数502.0dmm。于是可得溢流坝流量smHgmBQ/6.550586.28.9260502.0994.0999.02323230计算结果与设计洪水流量基本相符,说明假设的dH值是正确的,故取设计水头dH=2.53m。坝前设计洪水位=坝顶高程+dH=48.00+2.53—50.53m2、确定坝身剖面尺寸坝项上游曲线的有关数据计算如下:mHbmHbmHRmHRmHRddddd698.053.2276.0276.0443.053.2175.0175.0101.053.204.004.0506.053.22.02.0265.153.25.05.021321mHbd713.053.22818.02818.03坝顶下游曲线方程为402.453.22285.185.085.185.085.1xxHxyd按上式计算的坝顶下游曲线坐标x、y区列于表l5.3。因下游坝高mma105.41,故取坝末端圆弧半径为maR25.25.45.05.01按上述数据绘制的坝身剖面图见图15.43、绘制坝前水位与流量关系曲线不同水头H的溢流坝流量仍按3202HgmBQ计算.现以H=2.0米为例说明求流量的方法。因0A为未知,无法计算0v及0H,故先取mHH0.20.又因下游水位与Q有关,尚无法判别堰的出流情况,可先按自由出流算出Q后,再行校核.对于自由出流,1。根据791.053.20.20dHH,由图10.5查得m=0.485.侧收缩系数995.06010.27.02.01])1[2.0100nbHnk(则流量的第一次近似值smHgmBQ/6.36228.9260485.0995.012323230按坝前水位=480+2.0=50.0m,由图15.2查得A0=459m2,则smAQv/79.04596.36200表15.3x(米)y(米)x(米)y(米)x(米)y(米)0.000.250.500.751.001.251.500.0000.0040.0630.1330.2270.3430.4811.752.002.252.502.753.003.250.6400.8191.0181.2371.4761.7342.0113.503.754.004.254.504.755.002.3062.6202.9523.3033.6714.0574.461图15.4995.0601031.27.02.01031.2031.00.22031.08.9297.00.120020mgvHHmgv则流量的第二次近似值smQ/371031.28.9260485.0995.01323因流量的微小变化,对0v及0H影响甚小,故以上所求Q值可认为正确.校核出流情况。按smQ/3713由图15.3查得相应的坝下水位为47.20m。则0.222.2031.250.415.0394.0031.280.080.000.4820.47010HaHhmhss满足实用堰自由出流条件.为自由出流,原假设的出流情况是正确的.再设几个H,按上法计算相应的Q,计算成果列于表15.4.按表15.4的数据绘制坝前水位与流量关系曲线于图15.5。H(m)坝前水位(m)H0(m)mεσQ(Q3/s)备注2.532.01.51.00.550.5350.0049.5049.0048.502.5862.0311.1561.0060.5010.5020.4850.4650.4420.4160.9940.9950.9970.9980.9990.9991.0001.0001.0001.000550.6371.0229.9118.139.1淹没出流自由出流自由出流自由出流自由出流表15.4图15.54、坝下消能计算(一)确定消能设计流量设一系列流量Q,求出一系列相应的临界水跃跃后水深''ch及thc''(t为下游水深).绘出)(''thc~Q关系曲线.由该曲线找出相应于)(''thc为最大值时的流量即为消能设计流量.现以Q=229.9m3/s为例求)(''thc值。单宽流量msmBQq/83.3609.2293临界水深mgqhk144.18.983.30.13232由表15.4查得,则mH516.10maHT016.65.4516.110026.5144.1016.60khT按90.00及khT由附录图Ⅳ查得2.2''kchh,则mhhkc517.2144.12.22.2''按smQ/9.2293由图15.3查得相应坝下水位为46.2m,则相应下游水深mt7.25.432.46于是mthc183.07.2517.2''设一系列Q值,按上述方法求得一系列相应的)(''thc值,计算结果列于表15.5.由表15.5可知,相应于)(''thc最大值时的smQ/803,故采用消能设计流量为80m3/s。当380mQ/s时,下游发生远离水跃,需做消能工,现拟做消力池。表15.5Q(m3/s))/(3msmq)(mhk)(0mTkhT/0kchh/''mhc''mt)(''mthc550.6371.0229.9118.180.039.120.09.1776.1833.8321.9681.3330.6520.3332.0481.5741.1440.7340.5660.3510.2257.0866.5316.0165.5065.2885.0014.8313.4604.1495.2597.5019.34314.2521.471.882.022.202.472.642.993.343.8503.1792.5171.8131.4941.0490.7524.673.702.701.641.250.820.57-0.820-0.521-0.1830.1730.2440.2290.182(二)求消力池深度d已知380mQ/s,由表15.5查得q=1.333m3msmtmTmhk25.1288.5566.00,,.则342.9566.0288.50khT208.2566.025.1kht按kkhthT,0及90.0由附录图Ⅳ查得素55.0khd,则池深mhhddkk311.0566.055.0采用4.0dm.消力池池底高程=河底高程md1.434.05.43(三)求消力池长度l05.10566.04.0288.50khdT则mhhhhmhhhhkkcckkcc528.1566.070.2142.0566.025.0''''则水跃长度mhhlcci563.9)142.0582.1(9.6)(9.6''故池长mlllj65.7563.98.008.00采用l=8m。(四)求海漫长度HqKlp式中q为相应于设计洪水流量时的单宽流量,由表15.5查得;msmq/177.93上下游水位差41.212.4853.50Hm;河床土壤为中砾石,取系数K8。故得mlp20.3041.2177.90.8采用。mlp305、坝基渗流计算坝基渗流主要是计算渗径长度和坝底渗流压强.因本工程对控制渗流量要求不高,故不必计算渗流量.坝基渗流按上下游最大水位差的情况计算.最大水位差出现在坝前水位与坝顶齐平、坝下无水的情况,即最大水位差mH5.45.430.48(一)计算渗径长度为增加渗径长度和减小坝底渗流压力,于坝前增设一长5m厚0.5m的重拈土防渗铺盖层.初步拟定的坝底轮廓线如图l5.4所示.折算渗径长度水平铅直LLL31其中mlllllllLmllllllL64.205.04.05.00.35.70.30.10.573.57.12.05.05.05.00.10.10.122131212111110987654322222141310987654321水平铅直则mL61.1264.203137.5坝基土壤为中砾石(有反滤层),由表查得渗径系数5.20C,则mHC25.115.45.20因HCL0,坝底轮廓线长度满足防渗要求。(二)计算坝底渗流压强按计算闸底渗流压强的方法求得坝底各点的渗流压强列,p于表15.6。表15.6位置123456722''2'///mKNpmKNpmKNp44.10.0044.140.69.8050.434.89.8044.631.319.650.930.219.649.826.29.8036.022.69.8032.4位置123456722''2'///mKNpmKNpmKNp20.214.734.911.514.726.210.812.723.57.312.720.06.616.723.36.016.722.70.000.000.006、坝上游壅水曲线计算根据设计洪水流量计算坝上游的雍水曲线。因缺乏河道的水文和断面实测资料,故按简易近似法计算坝上游的壅水曲线。筑坝前,河道水流近似当作均匀流。河道平均水面坡度0J近似等于河道平均底坡i,即00127.00iJ。筑坝前相应于设计洪水流量550m3/s的坝址处洪水位(即坝下水位)由图15.3查得为48.1
本文标题:溢流坝水力计算实例
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