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1大学英语语法及练习第一讲虚拟语气I.考点分析:分四级语法复习虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况,以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考查历届四级试题,我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题,有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有:1.虚拟语气的形式:分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要,因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比,以便于同学们记忆掌握。动词形式类型虚拟时间从句动词主句动词if条件句现在过去式would/should/might/could+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/might/could+have+过去分词将来should/wereto/过去式would/should/might/could+动词原形wish引导的宾从现在过去式过去had+过去分词/couldhavedone将来would/could/might+动词原形asif/though方式状语从句同wish其它动词引导的宾从(should)+动词原形主语从句(should)+动词原形表语从句(should)+动词原形同位语从句(should)+动词原形ifonly同if条件句lest,forfearthat,incaseshould+动词原形wouldrather/soonerthat现在/将来过去式过去had+过去分词Itishigh/abouttimethat过去式2.要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。例如:IfIwereinvited,Iwouldcome.Ifshewerenotill,shecoulddoalotofthings.3.if条件句中如谓语动词是were,had,should,could时,可以省略if,把它们前置。例如:Hadmyfatheralotofmoney,hewouldsendmeabroad.CouldIdoit,Iwouldsurelydoit.2ShouldtheBlackDeathreappear,whatshouldwedo?(万一黑死病再次出现,我们该怎么办?)4.错综时间的条件句是难点,如99年1月第60题:IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,youwouldn’tbesmilingnow.(从句用过去完成时,主句用现在进行时)又如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothefilmlastnight.(从句虚拟现在,主句虚拟过去);Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟将来);Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟现在)5.虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句,如:Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore,butIhavebeenill.(=IfIhadnotbeenill,Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore.);Atruefriendwouldhaveacteddifferently.(=Afriend,ifhehadbeentrue,wouldhaveacteddifferently.)6.注意介词短语without,butfor,intheabsence等表示虚拟条件。例如:Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.没有电就不会有现代工业。Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.没有你们的帮助,我们的实验时不可能成功的。7.“Wereitnotfor/Haditnotbeenfor+宾语”或“Butthat+从句”表示假设条件。例如:Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Haditnotbeenforthereservoir,we’dneverhavebeenabletobeatthedrought.Butthathesawit(=Ifhehadnotseenit),hecouldnothavebelievedit.8.providing,providing(that),onconditionthat,suppose,supposing引导的条件从句中,根据语意,可以用虚拟语气,有可以用陈述语气。9.常见的引导宾语从句须用虚拟语气的动词有:advice,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,direct(命令)insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,resolve,suggest,urge,move(提议,动议)等;例如:TheUnitedNationsurgedthathe(should)withdrawhistroops.(联合国敦促他撤军。)10.常见的引导同位语从句或表语从句须用虚拟语气的名词有:advice,command,desire,determination,idea,motion,order,preference,recommendation,suggestion,insistence,proposals,request,requirement等;例如:Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.(用于同位语从句)邀请他的建议被否决了。Theirdemandisthattheirwagesbeincreasedby20%.(用于表语从句)他们的要求是工资增加20%。11.用在主语从句中时其结构通常为“Itis/was+形容词或过去分词+主语从句(用虚拟语气)”,例如:Itisnecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthediscussion.你有必要参加讨论。Itwasorderedthatthemedicinesbesentherebyplane.根据命令,那些药品必须空运到这儿。常见的这类形容词、分词还有:advisable(合理的),anxious(急切的),appropriate(合适的),compulsory(强制的),crucial(紧要关头的),desirable(理想的),eager,essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),impossible(不可能的),improper(不合适的),natural(自然的),obligatory(必须履行的),preferable(更好的),proper(合适的),strange(奇怪的)urgent(紧迫的),vital(至关重要的),demanded(要求的),required(要求的),suggested(建议的),desired(希望的)等。II.历届四级试题中的虚拟语气:1.Thattreelookedasifit______foralongtime.(93/1/52)A)hasn’twateredB)didn’twaterC)hadn’tbeenwateredD)wasn’twatered2.It’snecessary______thedictionaryimmediately.(93/1/68)A)thathewillreturnB)thathereturnedC)thathereturnD)thathehastoreturn3.Wedesirethatthetourleader______usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.(93/6/48)A)informB)informsC)informedD)hasinformed4.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI______youradvice.(93/6/70)A)followB)hadfollowedC)wouldfollowD)havefollowed35.Themanagerofthehotelrequeststhattheirguests______after11:00p.m.(94/1/65)A)nottoplayloudmusicB)shouldn’tplayloudmusicC)don’tplayloudmusicD)couldn’tplaymusic6.______formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.(95/1/47)A)NotbeingforB)HaditnotbeenC)WithoutbeingD)Nothavingbeen7.Tobefrank,I’dratheryou______inthecase.(95/1/61)A)willnotbeinvolvedB)notinvolvedC)nottobeinvolvedD)werenotinvolved8.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.(95/6/44)A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)notbestartedD)isnottobestarted9.IwishI_____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.(95/6/45)A)couldhavesleptB)sleptC)notbestartedD)haveslept10.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_____ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.(96/1/44)A)hastogetB)weretogetC)hadgotD)couldhavegot11.Itispolitelyrequestedbythetotalmanagementthatradio______after11o’clockat(96/1/28)A)werenotplayedB)nottoplayC)notbeplayedD)didnotplay12.______rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.(96/6/42)A)WouldsheleaveB)IfsheleavesC)WereshetoleaveD)Ifshehadleft13.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime______?(96/6/43)A)weweregoinghomeB)wegohomeC)wewenthomeD)wecangohome14.______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinner(97/1/34)A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive15.Hadheworkedharder,he______theexams.(97/6/42)A)musthavegotthroughB)wouldhavegotthroughC)wouldgetthroughD)couldgetthrough1
本文标题:大学英语语法及练习
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