您好,欢迎访问三七文档
SocratesSocratesAbriefintroductionofSocratesSocraticmethodSocraticwisdomSocraticvirtueSocraticquotesSocrateswasborninAthens,Greeceaordinarycitizensfamily.Hisfatherwasengraver,andhismotherwasmidwife.Socrateshadflatnose,thicklips,protrudingeyes,clumsyandsmallbody.Helooksordinary,buthadsacredideals.苏格拉底出生于希腊雅典一个普通公民的家庭。其父是雕刻匠,母亲是助产妇。苏格拉底有扁平的鼻子,肥厚的嘴唇,凸出的眼睛,笨拙而矮小的身体。他容貌平凡,却具有神圣的思想。Socratesledahardlife.Nomattercoldwinterorhotsummer,heworeacommonsinglelayer,oftendidn'twearshoes,didn'tpayattentiontoeat.Buthedidnotseemtonoticethese,justtoconcentrateonscholar.Hislifeexamplesandachievementthought,wererecordedbyhisdisciples.苏格拉底一生过着艰苦的生活。无论严寒酷暑,他都穿着一件普通的单衣,经常不穿鞋,对吃饭也不讲究。但他似乎没有注意到这些,只是专心致志地做学问。他的生平事例,成就思想,均由其弟子记录。Thedeath古希腊著名哲学家苏格拉底Socrates曾经自幼随父学艺,后来,当过兵,曾经三次参战。大约在40岁左右苏格拉底出了名,并进人五百人会议。大约公元前399年,苏格拉底因“不敬国家所奉的神,并且宣传其他的新神,败坏青年”的罪名被判有死罪。在收监期间,他的朋友买通了狱卒,劝他逃走,但他决心服从国家的法律,拒不逃走。后来在狱中服毒受死终年7O岁Socrates’friendswantedtohelphimescape.ButSocratesfeltthatobeyingthecourt’sdecisionwastherightthingtodo.Socratesspenthislastdaywithhisfriends.Then,hecalmlydrankpoisonmadefromahemlock(从芹叶钩吻制取的毒药)plantanddied.whenSocrateswasinprison,heheardanewprisonersingsingasongwhichheneverheardbefore.Socratesaskedtheprisonertoteachhimthenewsong.TheprisonerknewthatSocrateswasondeathrow,theexecutionwascoming.Listeningtohisrequest,theprisonerwasverysurprised:youdon'tknowwhatisgoingtobeexecuted?OfcourseIknow.Socrateseasilyanswered.Whyareyougoingtolearnanewsong?Socratesreplied:icansingonemoresongbeforeIdie.“苏格拉底坐牢时,听见隔壁牢房里有个新来的犯人在哼歌,那是一首新歌,他以前从未听过。苏格拉底急忙请求唱歌的狱友教他那首新歌。监牢里的人都知道苏格拉底是死囚,行刑日期迫近。听了他的请求,唱歌的囚犯很吃惊:“您不知道自己马上就要被处决了吗?”“我当然知道。”苏格拉底轻松地回答。“那您为什么还要学新歌呢?”狱友不解地问。这位伟人回答说:“这样我死的时候就多会一首歌。”SocraticmethodThemethodofteachinginwhichthemasterimpartsnoinformation,butasksasequenceofquestions,throughansweringwhichthepupileventuallycomestothedesiredknowledge.Itcanalsobecalledelenchus(讥讽),maieuticmethod(产婆术).Generallyspeaking,itisaformofinquiryanddebatebetweenindividualswithopposingviewpointsbasedonaskingandansweringquestionstostimulatecriticalthinkingandtoilluminateideas.Soinsomesense,SocraticmethodequalstoStimulatingModewhichistheessenceofteachingphilosophyofKongfuzi.Socratesbelievedthathiswisdomsprungfromanawarenessofhisownignorance.Heknewthatheknewnothing,andthatallerrorcameoutofignorance.Socratesbelievedthatthebestwayforpeopletolivewastofocusnotonaccumulatingpossessions,butonself-development.Socratesbelievedthatdealsbelonginaworldthatonlythewisemancanunderstand,makingthephilosophertheonlytypeofpersonsuitabletogovernothers.SocraticwisdomOneofthebestknownsayingsofSocratesisIonlyknowthatIknownothing.TheconventionalinterpretationofthisremarkisthatSocrates'wisdomwaslimitedtoanawarenessofhisownignorance.Socratesbelievedwrongdoingwasaconsequenceofignoranceandthosewhodidwrongknewnobetter..SocraticvirtueSocratesbelievedthebestwayforpeopletolivewastofocusonself-developmentratherthanthepursuitofmaterialwealth.TheideathathumanspossessedcertainvirtuesformedacommonthreadinSocrates'teachings.Thesevirtuesrepresentedthemostimportantqualitiesforapersontohave,foremostofwhichwerethephilosophicalorintellectualvirtues.Socratesstressedthatvirtuewasthemostvaluableofallpossessions;theideallifewasspentinsearchoftheGood.Truthliesbeneaththeshadowsofexistence,anditisthejobofthephilosophertoshowtheresthowlittletheyreallyknow.Onesummerhebuilthimselfahouse.Thehouseisverysmall,theneighborswondered,howcouldthehousemakehimsatisfied?Yousoabigshot,buttheirhouseintosuchasmallbox,whatisthereason?Thereisreallynoreasonreason.Hesaid,butthisplaceissmall,butifIcanmakeitwithtruefriends,Iwillthinkyouarehappy.一个夏天,他为自己建造了一所房子。房子非常小,他的邻居都很纳闷,这房子怎么会使他满意呢?“您这么一个大人物,却把自己的房子盖成这么一个小盒子,有什么道理吗?”“确实没有什么道理。”他说,“不过这个地方虽小,但是如果我能使它容下真正的朋友,我将会认为自己是快乐的。”ThewaySocratestellspeopleisveryvivid,sopeopleneverfeelbored.那些总是赞美你的言行的人必定不是忠诚的朋友,忠诚意味着温和的指出你的过失。1.Faithfularethewoundsofafriend,butthekissesofanenemyaredeceitful.2.Hewhoisnotcontentedwithwhathehas,wouldnotbecontentedwithwhathewouldliketohave.对现在拥有的不满足,那么对他所期待的也不会满意。3.Employyourtimeinimprovingyourselfbyothermen'swritingssothatyoushallgaineasilywhatothershavelaboredhardfor.将你的时间用于阅读他人的作品,别人费力学到的东西,你就能轻松获得。4.Lethimthatwouldmovetheworld,firstmovehimself.要想改变世界,先要改变自己。5.Itisnotlivingthatmatters,butlivingrightly.活着不是重要的,重要的是怎么活。6.Falsewordsarenotonlyevilinthemselves,buttheyinfectthesoulwithevil.谎言不仅本身是罪恶的,还会让你的灵魂堕落。OurbestsourcesofinformationaboutSocrates’philosophicalviewsaretheearlydialoguesofhisstudentPlato,whoattemptedtheretoprovideafaithfulpictureofthemethodsandteachingsofthemaster.IntheSocraticdialogues,hisextendedconversationswithstudents,statesmen,andfriendsinvariablyaimatunderstandingandachievingvirtuethroughthecarefulapplicationofadialecticalmethodthatemployscriticalinquirytounderminetheplausibilityofwidely-helddoctrines.Destroyingtheillusionthatwealreadycomprehendtheworldperfectlyandhonestlyacceptingthefactofourownignorance,Socratesbelieved,arevitalstepstowardouracquisitionofgenuineknowledge,bydiscoveringuniversaldefinitionsofthekeyconceptsgoverninghumanlife.SocraticandPl
本文标题:苏格拉底-英文介绍
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-1517820 .html