11级国际贸易实务(双语)

国际贸易实务概述(InternationalTradePracticeInChineseandEnglish)制作人：StillwaterWang贸易术语OverviewIntroductiontoInternationalTrade1.1ThedefinitionofinternationaltradeInternationaltradecanbedefinedastheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountry(ordistrict)withthoseproducedinanothercountry(ordistrict).ThereasonsforinternationaltradeA.TheunevendistributionofnaturalresourcesB.InternationalspecializationC.DifferentPatternsofdemandamongnationsD.EconomiesofscaleE.Innovationorvarietyofstyle$860$62573%EventheIBMPCIsn’tAll-AmericanTotalmanufacturingcost:US$860Portionmadeoverseas:US$625Inu.s.ownedplants$230Inforeign-ownedplants$395DistributionofManufacturingPartsMonitorKoreaSemiconductorsJapanPowersupplyJapanGraphicsPrinterJapanFloppyDiskDrivesSingaporeAssemblyofdiskdrivesU.SKeyboardJapanCaseandfinalAssemblyU.SThesupplierscomefromU.S.,Japan,France,Canada,Italy,Australia,SouthKorea,UnitedKingdomEventheBoeing777Isn’tAllAmericanSoitisincreasinglydifficulttosaywhatisa“U.S.”product;whatis“Japanese”product.1.2.ThehistoryofinternationaltradedevelopmentThefirstbeginningofinternationaltradeThedevelopmentofinternationaltradeindifferentsocialperiodInChina’shistory,ithasbeenamongthefirsttotradewithothercountries.WhatthemostfamoustradingchannelinChina,asweallknow,istheAncientSilkRoad.IntheMiddleAges,tradingwasimportantthatmerchantsandproducersbeganspecializinginmarkingandsellinggoodsandshopsappearedingrowingnumbers.Weshouldsaythatindustrialrevolutionresultedinaboostintradingandstimulatedthedevelopmentofmoderntrading.Ascenturiesprogressed,manystandardrulesandpracticescameintobeinginordertomeetthechallenge.1.3.1.ExportTrade/ImportTrade/TransitTrade1.3.ThedifferentformsofinternationaltradeRe-Export/Re-Import;NetExport/NetImport1.3.2.GeneralTrade/SpecialTradeGeneralTrade:countryterritory.(Japan,UnitedKingdom,CanadaAustralia,EastEurope)GeneralImport/GeneralExportSpecialTrade:CustomsTerritory.(German,Italy,Swiss)1.3.3.VisibleTrade/InvisibleTrade1.3.4DirectTrade/IndirectTrade/EntrepotTrade1.3.5TradebyRoadway/TradebySeaway/TradebyAirway/TradebyMailOrder1.3.6Free-LiquidationTrade/BarterTrade1.4.Anotherbasicconceptsaboutinternationaltrade1.4.1.amountofforeigntradetotalamountofimportandexportforacountryindefiniteperiod.1.4.2.amountofinternationaltradetotalamountofexportforallcountriesindefiniteperiod.1.4.3.tradebalancefavorablebalance:exportimport(surplus)adversebalance:exportimport(deficit)1.4.4.commoditystructureprimarycommoditiesIndustrycommodities(finishedgoods)1.4.5.factorsofproductiona.capital,b.humanresourcesorlaborc.propertyresourcesincludingland1.5Thedifferencebetweendomestictradeandinternationaltrade1.5.1.differenteffecttoeconomydevelopment1.5.2.differentenvironmentsocialandculture/lawandeconomicpolicycurrencysystem1.5.3.difficultmovementforfactorsofproductionamongnations1.5.4.moreriskswhenyoudointernationalbusinessCredit;Business;Price;exchangerate;Transportation;Politics.1.6国际商务环境进口商生产厂家海关银行商检局外运公司保险公司税务局出口商Whatisinternationaltrade?Internationaltrade,alsoknownasworldtrade,foreigntradeoroverseastrade,isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.Asimportisankindofoppositeoperationtoexport,sinceifweunderstandexportadministration,sodoestheimport.Whatisexport?Exportingisanextensionoftradingwiththecustomerslivinginanothercountry.Thisextensionofthetrader’sdomainishighlyimportant,sinceitenablesthebuyerstomakeachoicebetweenalternativegoodsinsatisfyinghisneeds.Notonlyarethegoodsofhisownnationavailabletohimbutalsothoseofothernationsaswell.Amajorbenefitofexportingisanenhancedopportunitytoexploitthecomparativeadvantagesenjoyedbytheproceduresindomesticmarket.Someotheradvantagesofexportingasanationalobjectiveareitscontributiontobetteruseofnationalresources,reducingunemployment,increasingforeignexchangeearningsandimprovingthebalanceofpayment.Benefitofexporting(briefly)1)Betteruseofnationalresources.2)technologicaladvance3)reducingunemployment4)foreignexchangeearnings5)balanceofpayment第一章国际贸易术语第二章主要贸易条件第三章商品的价格第四章国际货物运输第五章国际货物运输保险第六章国际货款的收付第七章检验、索赔、不可抗力与仲裁第八章合同的磋商第九章合同的履行第十章国际贸易方式目录第一章国际贸易术语InternationalTradetermsⅠ贸易术语及国贸易际惯例(tradetermsandinternationalcustomarypractices)国际贸易术语的含义及作用有关贸易术语的国际惯例返回目录★Case(案例)：OneimportandexportcompanyexportedhisgoodsundertheCIFterm.Thesellerdeliveredthegoodsonboardthevesselontimeandpreparedallnecessarydocuments.Butthevesselstrandedandsankinafewhoursafterdeparture.Thenextday,whentheselleraskedforpaymentwithfullsetofdocumentsinconformitywiththecontract,thebuyerrefusedtoacceptthedocumentsandrejectedpaymentbecausehisgoodshavebeenlost.Isitreasonableforthebuyertodoso?Why?返回目录１、ThedefinitionofTradeTerms（贸易术语的定义）:FOBLONDONThetradetermsrefertousingabriefEnglishconceptorabbreviationtoindicatetheformationoftheunitpriceanddeterminetheresponsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwopartiesaswellasthetimeofthepassingofthepropertyinthegoods.返回目录2、Internationalcustomarypractices(国际贸易惯例)Warsaw-----OxfordRules1932