wto体制下的贸易救济措施选择问题研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文WTO体制下的贸易救济措施选择问题研究姓名：单衍岭申请学位级别：硕士专业：国际法指导教师：胡加祥20070101WTO1WTOWTOWTOWTOWTOWTO2WTOWTO3ONTHECHOICEOFTRADEREMEDYMEASURESUNDERWTOSYETEMABSTRACTNewtradetheoryintroducesimperfectcompetitionandeconomyofscaleintoanalyzingofinternationaltradetheory,andgivesgovernmentinterventionareasonableinterpretation.ThetraderemedymeasuresunderWTOsystemarelegalandcanbeappliedeasily,soitcouldbethetoolsofstrategictradepolicy.Becausethetraditionalmeansofstrategictradepolicyisrestricted,theusesoftraderemedymeasureshavebeendesirabilitytostrategictradepolicy.TherearecommonelementsinWTOsystem’traderemedymeasures:injuryofimport,domesticindustrybeinginjured,andcausalitybetweeninjuryofimportanddomesticindustrybeinginjured.Thecommonelementsmakeitpossibletochoosedifferentremedymeasures.Comparingtheelementsoftraderemedymeasures,wefindthatonetraderemedymeasure’elementcanincludeanothermeasure’,sothetraderemedymeasureshaveselectivityinWTOsystem.Therearevariousfactorswhichinfluencethechoiceoftraderemedymeasure.InthispaperIwillanalyzethefollowfourfactors:aim,cost,effectandriskofdifferenttraderemedymeasures.Therearethreemainaimssuchasprotectingdomesticindustry,freetradeandfairtradeinapplyingtraderemedymeasures.Thecosttoapplytraderemedymeasuresincludesdirectcostandopportunitycost.Becausethefunctionaryscopeanddegreeisdifferent,thetraderemedymeasures’effectisvarious.AndtheriskincludesretaliationandlosinginDSB.WTO4Thechoiceoftraderemedymeasuresiscomplexprocess,andthereareatleasttwopreconditions:unifieddecision-makinginstitutionandexpediteinformationsystem.Basingontheaforesaidpreconditions,wecandecidewhichtraderemedymeasuresshouldbechoseninaccordancewiththeconfirmationoftheinjurytodomesticindustry.Thereafter,priortomakingtheperfectdecision,allthefactorsinfluencingthechoiceofthetraderemedymeasuresshallbetakenintoconsiderationandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthedifferenttraderemedymeasuresshallbebalanced.KEYWORDS:WTOsystem,newtradetheory,traderemedymeasures,choice2007192007192007110WTO111.1WTOWTO1WTO2WTOWTO12004382SeeJohnH.Jackson,TheWorldTradingSystem,TheMITPress(1997),Ed2,p.249.WTO22000100WTO3WTO44304WTO5WTO1.21.2.11.2.2WTOWTO3://=2010820061220520039WTO3WTO2002WTO2004WTO200420052005WTOWTO20069WTO2005720048()20053WTO200322004WTOWTO1.31.3.1WTO4WTOWTOWTO61.3.21.3.31.41.4.11.4.216200622WTO52WTO3WTO1.4.3WTO1.4.412WTOWTO31.5WTOWTO6WTOWTOWTOWTO722.12.1.1206019777198187SeeDixitandStiglitz,MonopolisticCompetitionandOptimumProtectDiversity,AmericanEconomicReview67:297-308,1977.8Krugman,Intra-industrySpecializationandtheGainfromTrade,JournalofPoliticalEconomy89(5),947-959,1981.WTO82.1.219210311122.1.39[]2001110[]20012112002512[]20013WTO91131415213200410814[]200211715[]2002117WTO101617207080181920.16200410817[]2002120181920WTO11212.1.412222.1.521199939222004193WTO122320802411252622320041942420023225SeeBrander,J.A.,andB.Spencer,ExportSubsidiesandInternationalMarketShareRivalry,JournalofInternationalEconomics18:83-100,1985.26[]200023WTO132732822927SeeBrander,J.A.,andB.JSpencer.,TariffsandtheExtractionofForeignMonopolyRentsunderPotentialEntry,CanadianJournalofEconomics14:371-389,1981.28[]200117919229[]2002138WTO14303130[]200226931200234WTO152.22.2.1122.2.2WTOWTOWTO161WTOWTO(%)329.96.220.58.66.53.714.46.034.340.329.730.29996599020069.4)33321999831331999242WTO171086968737.278799499157805360.2227214591896234.773987496WTO6.53.7WTO2WTOWTO112WTOWTO3WTOWTOWTOWTOWTO18WTOWTO2.2.3WTOWTOWTO34WTOWTOWTO1WTOWTOWTOWTOWTOWTOWTOWTO34200439WTO19352WTOWTOWTOWTO236WTOWTOWTOWTO37WTO352004836://gpj.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/xxfb/c/200608/20060802908587.html2006122039://gpj.mofcom.gov.cn/static/e/d/j.html/1.html2006121WTO223.1.2WTO11416()WTO232GATT199466214224241WTO2443443.1.3WTO()43SeeAppellateBodyReportonUnitedstates–Lamp,para.124.441999223WTO253.23.2.13.2.2WTO21GATT199419WTO2645464748H49199850GATT19WTOGATT1994GATT1947GATT19WTO45……theincreaseinimportsmusthavebeenrecentenough,suddenenough,sharpenough,andsignificantenough,bothquantitativelyandqualitatively……SeeAppellateBodyReportonArgentina–Footwear,para.131.462003347324832749SeePanelReportonThailand-H-Beams,para.161.50SeeAppellateBodyReportonArgentina–Footwear,para.58.WTO27GATT1951191(a)523.2.31,23.2.451SeeAppellateBodyReportonArgentina–Footwear,para.83.52SeeAppellateBodyReportonArgentina-Footwear,para.92.,AppellateBodyReportonKorea-Dairy,para.85.WTO28WTO293.33.3.13.3.212WTO30GATT1994WTO314WTO4.14.1.15354191WT