我国出口商品结构升级与高技术产业发展的研究

宁波大学硕士学位论文我国出口商品结构升级与高技术产业发展的研究姓名：金安安申请学位级别：硕士专业：国际贸易指导教师：许继琴20041115-I--II-OntheStructureUpgradeoftheExportCommoditiesandtheDevelopmentofHigh-TechIndustryinChinaAbstractTheworldwidescientificandtechnologicalrevolution,thegreatchangesoftheglobalindustrialstructure,andthecompetitiveadvantagesinscienceandtechnologyaswellasinindustryinthedevelopedcountriesandsomenewlyindustrializingcountrieschallengeseverelythestructureoftheexportcommoditiesinChina.ItisnecessaryforChinatoadjusttheindustrialstructureactively,changethestructureofexportcommoditiesandexpandindustrialcompetitiveadvantagesfortherealizationofsustainabledevelopmentinforeigntrade.Thisthesis,withthesupportofMichaelPotter’sCompetitionAdvantageTheoryandTheStrategicTradePoliciesofBlond,Spencer,Krugman,etc.,comestotheconclusionthat,besidesthestaticcomparativeadvantages,itisnecessarytofocusonthehigherdynamiccomparativeadvantagesfortheupgradeofthestructureoftheexportcommodities.Acountryshouldcreateanenvironmentfavorableforthegenerationofcompetitiveadvantageswiththefourkeyelements(statediamond).Thegovernmentwillhaveapositiveorpassiveimpactontheformingofaindustry’scompetitionadvantagesbyaffectingthesefourfactors.Tohaveapositiveimpact,thestrategictradepolicyisimportant.Itisnecessaryandeffectivetodeepenthestrategyof“developingthetradethroughscienceandtechnology”andadjusttheforeigntradestrategyinChinaunderthepresenttrendtowardsinternationaltradeandtofosterthedevelopmentofhigh-techindustry,whichconsequentlypromotetheexportofhigh-techproductsandupgradethestructureofexportcommoditiesinChina.Thisarticleadoptssuchresearchapproachesasquantitativeandqualitativeanalysis,standardizeandpositiveanalysisandtheoriescombiningwithpractice,etc.Firstly,itpositivelyanalysesonthecurrentsituationandexistingproblemsofthestructureofexportcommoditiesinChina,andindicatesthatthefundamentalreasonfortheirrationalstructureoftheexportcommoditiesliesinthelackofpowerfulindustrythatsupportstheoptimizationofthestructureofexportcommodities.Then,itconcludesthatChinashoulddevelopthehigh-techindustry,increasethecontentoftechnologyandaddedvalue,andquickenthetransformationofthetraditionalindustrywiththeassistanceofhigh-techindustry.Finally,thispaperproposesseveralsuggestionsonhowtodevelopthehigh-techindustryandpromotetheexportofhigh-techproductofourcountry.KeyWordsStructureoftheexportcommodities,Industrialstructure,High-techindustry,High-techproduct_________________________________________________________-1-11.120901.2-2--H-O2070802080123451200392199083(1999)NO.C1999006419974519995-3-67891.31.3.16200327199798200029200074-4-WTO1.3.212RCANTB3-5-1.3.3-6-2102.12.1.1ForeignTradeGoods2060OECD19888631019978-7-1988()OECD2.1.2-8-2.1.3-9-112.1.4111995203-10-ISO502528R&D19961920029R&D432002R&DGDP1.13%195319601%R&D2-11-342.2(absoluteadvantage)(relativeadvantage)(factorendowment)2.2.12080-12--13-Alam19952.2.2E4+2-14-2-1statediamond-15-2.31212[J].,1999,(8).-16-33.12019782063220007412003851243-1208020903-1198091.150.390.149.71981102.546.7117.653.31982100.545.0122.755.1198398.243.3126.156.81984119.345.6142.154.31985138.350.6135.249.51986112.736.8196.763.81987132.331.5262.166.41988144.130.4331.169.71989150.828.7374.671.31990158.925.6461.874.41991161.522.5556.977.5-17-1992170.020.0679.480.01993166.718.2750.981.81994197.116.31013.383.71995214.914.41272.885.61996219.314.51291.485.51997239.313.11587.786.91998206.011.21631.688.81999199.310.21750.089.82000254.610.22237.589.82001263.59.92398.090.12002285.78.82970.091.22003348.17.94035.692.11980~19891990~2003200420903-2200110%199010%200342.9%3-21990-2003%199025.66.020.39.039.1199122.55.320.110.042.1199220.05.119.015.640.3199318.25.017.816.742.3199416.35.019.218.141.3199514.46.121.721.136.7199614.55.918.923.437.3199713.15.618.923.938.5199811.25.617.627.338.2199910.25.317.130.237.2200010.24.917.133.134.720019.95.016.535.733.020028.74.716.339.031.320037.94.515.742.929.02003-18-3.2RCARevealedComparativeAdvantageIndexNTBNormalizedTradeBalanceCAComparativeAdvantage3RCARCANTB3.2.1RCARevealedComparativeAdvantageIndexBalassa131965ijRCA=(ijX/itX)/(wjW/wtW)ijRCAijijXijitXiwjWjwtWjkRCA=(jkX/kX)/(jW/W)jkRCAjkjkXjkkXk13Balassa:TradeLiberalisationand“Revealed”ComparativeAdvantage[J]TheManchesterSchoolofEconomicandSocialStudiesJournal,1965,(2)99123-19-jWjWjkRCA1jjkRCA1.252.5jkRCA10.83-3~3-6WTO2001~2003311RCA123451~56~1691~96910113-32001~2003RCA142001RCA2002RCA2003RCA12.212.232.1621.811.771.9931.421.441.5641.411.531.6350.730.741.0460.740.780.9670.700.710.7780.740.770.8190.740.820.83911.381.371.30920.630.710.79930.750.820.84940.770.820.87951.031.070.96960.500.680.59100.660.640.62111.921.821.773-3143-3~3-11WTO~2003RCA2001RCA2002RCA2003RCA10.340.400.4520.490.520.5430.670.620.6140.220.210.2250.340.250.2060.620.620.4870.680.680.6681.201.221.2291.031.051.08910.660.600.65920.981.050.99931.061.091.15941.091.010.94951.631.601.66960.750.750.88100.350.390.45110.660.600.60