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BREADPPTPracticeofInternationalTradeChapter1BREADPPTYouAreWhoYouArePerformance30%Attendance15%Exercises&homework15%Finalexam70%BREADPPTStartingfromiPhone………BREADPPTObjectivesTomastertheprocedureofInternationalTradepracticeTolearnhowtomakerequireddocumentsTomasterstandardbusinesstermsandexpressionsBREADPPT目录CONTENTSC1IntroductiontoInternationalTrade国际贸易导论C2BusinessNegotiationandConclusionoftheContract交易磋商与合同订立C3QualityandQuantityofGoods商品的品质与数量C4PackingandMarking包装与标志C5InternationalTradeTerms国际贸易术语C6InternationalCargoTransport国际货物运输C7CargoTransportInsurance货物运输保险C8InternationalPayment国际支付C9Inspection/Claims/ForceMajeureandArbitration检验、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁C10PerformanceoftheContract进出口合同的履行BREADPPT1.1WhatIsInternationalTrade？Viewedfromtheinternationalsphere,theexchangesofgoodsandservicesacrossinternationalboundariesorterritoriesareworldwidetradetransactions,andalsoknownasinternationaltradeorworldtrade.A.Thedefinitionofinternationaltrade国际贸易（InternationalTrade）是指不同国家（和/或地区）之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。国际贸易也叫世界贸易。国际贸易由进口贸易（ImportTrade）和出口贸易(ExportTrade)两部分组成，故有时也称为进出口贸易。BREADPPTSomeconcepts:•ForeignTrade（对外贸易）:Fromtheperspectiveofonecountry,internationaltradeisalsocalled‘foreigntrade’.•VisibleTrade(有形贸易）:Tradeingoodswhichcanbeactuallyseenpassingthroughportsorairport,enteringorleavingonecountry.•InvisibleTrade（无形贸易）:TradeinservicesandtechnologiesBREADPPTTangiblegoodsBREADPPTIntangibleservicesBREADPPTCaseStudy•SupposethatanAmerica-basedmultinationalcompanysetuptwosubsidiariesinChina.Theparentcompanysignedasalescontractwiththesubsidiaries,whichstipulatedthattheparentcompanywouldmakethedeliverytooneofthesubsidiariesinShanghai,whichshouldforwardsomeofthegoodstoanothersubsidiaryatChengdu.•Question:Isthetransactionbetweentheparentcompanyandthetwosubsidiariesaninternationaltrade?BREADPPT国际性的判断标准1.买卖双方当事人的营业地处于不同国家2.当事人具有不同的国籍3.订立合同的行为完成于不同国家4.货物须由一国运往另一国BREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？•Whydocountriestrade?•Shouldn’tastrongcountrysuchastheUnitedStatesproduceallofthecomputers,televisionsets,automobilesandcamerasitwantsratherthanimportsuchproductsfromJapan?•WhydotheJapaneseandothercountriesbuywheat,corn,chemicalproducts,aircraft,manufacturedgoods,andinformationalservicesfromtheUnitedStates?BREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？1）Resourcesreasons(1)Climateconditionsandterrain•AgriculturalproduceColombiaandBrazilCoffeebeans\coffeeAbigwheatexporterTheUSGreatPlainsstates北美中部大平原BREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？1）Resourcesreasons(2)NaturalresourcesMiddleEast:70%world’stotaloilreserve40%worldtotaloutputOver2/3oftheoilthatWesternEuropeandJapanconsumeBREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？1）Resourcesreasons(3)TechnologiesandlaborImportingadvancedequipmentfromtheUS,Japan(4)CapitalresourcesThelackofcapital-------developingcountriesareunabletomodernizetheirindustriesandeconomieswithadvancedmachinery,equipment,andplanttheyarenotyetabletomanufacture.BREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？1）Resourcesreasons(5)GeographicallocationandtransportcostsUSVSCanadaEUBREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？1）Resourcesreasons(6)InsufficientproductionOnly1.2%labor---------infoodproductionImportingUS$25billionannuallyBREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？2）Economicreasons（1）OpportunityCostDefinition:Thelossofpotentialgainfromotheralternativeswhenonealternativeischosen.(NewOxfordAmericanDictionary)Opportunitycostisakeyconceptineconomics,andhasbeendescribedasexpressingthebasicrelationshipbetweenscarcityandchoice为了得到某种东西而所要放弃另一些东西的最大价值；也可以理解为在面临多方案择一决策时，被舍弃的选项中的最高价值者是本次决策的机会成本；还指厂商把相同的生产要素投入到其他行业当中去可以获得的最高收益。BREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？2）Economicreasons（1）OpportunityCostGivenachoiceofproducingoneproductoranother,itismoreefficienttoproducetheproductwiththeloweropportunitycost,usingtheincreasedproductionofthatproducttotradefortheproductwiththehigheropportunitycost.BREADPPTSoyoushouldcarefullycalculateyourcostandbenefitandmakeawiserchoice!Thinkofyouropportunitycostofstudyinghere?BREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？2）Economicreasons（2）Theprincipleofabsoluteadvantage绝对优势AdamSmith(1723-1790)TheWealthofNationsBREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？2）Economicreasons（2）Theprincipleofabsoluteadvantage绝对优势countrycommodityFranceEnglandWine(L/H)61Cloth(Y/H)45L:literH:hourY:yardBREADPPTcountrycommodityFranceEnglandWine(L/H)61Cloth(Y/H)45•InFrance:–CostofWine:1unit=1/6hour–CostofCloth:1unit=1/4hour•InEngland:–CostofWine:1unit=1hour–CostofCloth:1unit=1/5hourBREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？2）EconomicreasonsYouandyourfriendsdecidedtohelpwithfundraisingforalocalcharitygroupbyprintingt-shirtsandmakingbirdhouses.Scenario1:Oneofyourfriends,Gina,canprint5t-shirtsorbuild3birdhousesanhour.Yourotherfriend,Mike,canprint3t-shirtsanhourorbuild2birdhousesanhour.BecauseyourfriendGinaismoreproductiveatprintingt-shirtsandbuildingbirdhousescomparedtoMike,shehasanabsoluteadvantageinbothprintingt-shirtsandbuildingbirdhouses.当两个国家生产两种商品，使用一种生产要素——劳动时，如果刚好A国家在一种商品上劳动生产率高，B国家在这种商品上劳动生产率低，则A国该商品生产上具有绝对优势。两国按各自的绝对优势进行专业生产分工并参与贸易，则两国都能从贸易中得到利益。这种贸易利益来自专业化分工促进劳动生产率的提高。BREADPPT1.2WhyInternationalTrade？2）Economicreasons（3）Thepr