论WTO纠纷解决机制之效能-以美欧香蕉贸易战

1WTONSC89-2414-H-032-00789/08/01-90/07/31GATTWTOWTOWTODisputeSettlementBodyDSB20DSBWTODSBWTO2DSBWTOWTO1995112001923DSB57()4EcuadorGuatemalaHondurasDSB19981215DSU215199911WTODSB19981218DSBWTO1999112DSBDSUDisputeSettlementUnderstanding2151999114DSU222DSB5.21999129DSBDSU2263DSBWTO199946100%WTO5.21.914WTOACPWTO1992GATTGATTWTOGATTWTO301GATT4WTO301WTOWTOWTOWTOWTOWTO5WTOWTOWTOWTOWTOWTOGATT1970GATT6GATT19971998TheEconomist2001GDP3.1%20004.1%2001GDP20003.4%3.1%20010.13.9%20012000111148912~meco/stat/four/index104.htm2001.09.157197919884.5%198919956.4%19966.7%199710.3%19981999199771998894.1%5.3%200012.4%219801999Euro200519931219951WTOnternationalTheWorldEconomicOutlook(WEO)DatabaseOctober20012001.09.158WTO320007WTO14295%TariffBarriersNon-TariffMeasuresNTM41948495656.88.02pp.17-2710BalanceofPayments7WTO/GATTReciprocityfree-riderWTO/GATTGATT87.GuidetoGATTLawandPractice(6thEdition)ArticleXII:RestrictiontoSafeguardtheBalanceofPaymentsGeneva19948.JOHNH.JACKSONTariffandNon-TariffbarriersTheWorldTradingSystem-LawandPolicyof1109PriceControlQuantitativeImportRestrictionsfirst-comefirst-servedmethodInternationalEconomicRelations1992p.1309.83.08pp.224-22612VoluntaryExportRestraints,VERsMultifiberAgreementMFAMonitoringmeasures13Tariff-typemeasuresPara-tariffmeasuresTechnicalbarrierstotradeMeasuresontheapplicationofsanitaryandphytosanitaryPre-shipmentinspectionRulesoforiginImportlicensingproceduresTradeinserviceTrade-relatedaspectsofintellectualpropertyrights1410GATT/WTOWTOWTOWTOWTOWTO10.1999.07p.82615WTOGATTGATT11GATTiii12GATTGATTPanelWorkingGroupGATT13UnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDisputesDSUDisputeSettlementBodyDSBGATT1411.GATTGATTGATTGATTGATT12.80.03p.6013.GATT/WTO1995pp.33-3414.pp.827-83716WTOWTOconsultationDSU410301660DSBpanelpanel17goodoffices(conciliation)(mediation)DSUWTODirector-General18Article3(2)ofUnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDisputes16Id.Article4(3)17Id.Article4(7)18Id.Article5(1)&Article5(6)17(panelprocedure)panelreportDSBDSBDSUDSU6DSBDSB19DSBGATT19472021622DSU16.120DSB19Id.Article6(2)20Id.Article8(1)21DSU8.310229318DSB10DSB60DSBDSBDSB23StandingAppellateBody60DSB30DSBDSB30DSB20DSBWTODSB3023Id.Article16(1)(2)(3)(4)1920WTO199625UnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDisputesDSU41994(GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeGATT1994)23(AgreementonImportLicensingProcedures)624GeneralAgreementonTradeinServicesGATS23(AgreementonAgriculture)1925AgreementonTrade-RelatedInvestmentMeasuresTRIMs8404/9326FrameworkAgreementofBananasBFAWT/DS27/11996314151996411GATT199423GATSTRIMsWTOpanelWT/DS27/6199658WTODisputeSettlementBodyDSBDSU6246GATT199422232519GATT1994222326OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesNo.L47of25February1993,pp.1-1121GATT19941.13.410.313.11.3GATS217DSBGATT1994GATSWTOAppellateBodyDSBGATT1994GATS1999114DSU22.2DSBUS$5.2DSU22.31999125DSU22.6DSBDSB1.9141.914199554.59.55.75.43.33.22.10.80.52254,50019942.3521.71.20.70.40.219943.70.919943.52.1727,000Africa,Caribbean,&PacificACPACPACPACPACP19931993404/9327ACPACPACPACPACP27CouncilRegulation(EEC)404/93(asamended)231999116372362ACP857,70012ACP24ACP2,553,000ACP857,700ACP240,748737200190,0002255390,000240,748310020025ACP25537547371423ACP90,00025531ACPACP1228857,500DSBACPACP281226ACP404/93ACP478/95ACP40,00015,000155,0007,500155,0004,8007,50071,00055,00014,000105,0005,90060,000127,00082,00038,0005,000857,70090,0002ACP2201637353,000255327236219941996’00023.03588.025.61653.826.17668.115.76402.49.43240.7100.002,553.03Hurricanelicences19941119965281,60575ECUACPACP1442/9329indicativequantitiesACPACP29CommissionRegulation(EEC)1442/93(asamended)281ACPACPACPACPACP2ACPACPiiiiiiiv1iACPAiiACPBiii1992C30ABCC30CommissionRegulation(EEC)1442/93(asamended),Article4.429ABreferencequantityACPACategoryAACP66.5%ACPBCategoryBACP30%ACPCCategoryC1992newcomers3.5%2ABiaiibiiicAB1993198919912503131CommissionRegulation(EEC)1442/93(asamended),Article330ACPaACP57%b15%c28%3BFA70%AC324478/95ABCACBFA3ACP32Article3.2ofCommissionRegulation(EC)478/95(asamended)31GATT1993GATT19937319942111994BFA75ECU90,000ACPBFA199511332002123134196320%199361100ECU850ECUACP750ECU33CommissionRegulation(EC)3223/94(asamended)34Paragraph9oftheAnnex“FrameworkAgreementonBananas”inScheduleLXXX–EuropeanCommunities32ACP71ACP1989121520002ACPACPGATTGATT19471.135GATT19941292000229GATT36199511353,00075ECU199625DSU4GATT1994236GATS2319TRIMs81996314151996411WTO199658DSB35GATTdocumentL/7539of10October1994andL/7539/Corr.136GATTdocumentL/7604of19December199433199667Mr.StuartHarbinsonMr.KymAndersonMr.ChristianHaberli1997318interimreport1997429thefinalreport1997522WTO37WTO1997611DSBDSU16420199762319976261997791997721723oralhearingoralhearing37WT/DS27/R/USAparagraphs7.5834hearing1997822199799WTO1999114DSU22.2DSBUS$5.2199912521DSU22.3DSU22.638DSB1999129DSBMr.StuartHarbinsonMr.KymAndersonMr.ChristianHaberli199949WTO1.914199949DSB1.9141999419DSB1.914382DSBDSB3(b)(c)335GATT19941.139GATT199413GATT19941.13.4101.33.23.525217ACP90,00075ECUACP100ECUACPGATT19941401GATT199413.