中国铁路发展回顾与展望

2008.4DEVELOPMENTOFCHINESERAILWAYS中国铁路发展回顾与展望主要内容(Mainpoints)1.改革开放以来中国铁路发展的回顾(DevelopmentofChineserailwaysincethereformandopeningup)2.中国铁路改革与发展中的主要问题(MainproblemsofChineserailway)3.中国铁路运输组织改革与创新的主要思路和对策(MainthoughtsandcountermeasuresofreformingChineserailwayorganization)4.新世纪铁路中长期发展规划(ProgrammingofChineserailwayinthe21stcentury)1改革开放以来中国铁路发展回顾(DevelopmentofChineserailwaysincethereformandopeningup)中国经济增长（China'seconomicgrowth）铁路客运增长(Growthofrailwaypassengertransport)客运量(volumeofpassengertraffic)旅客周转量(Turnoverofpassengertraffic)1.1经济和铁路运量的增长及变化趋势（GrowthanddevelopmenttrendofChineseeconomyandrailwaytrafficvolume）旅客平均运距(Averagejourneyperpassengertransport)铁路货运增长（Growthofrailwayfreighttransport）货运量(Freighttrafficvolume)货运周转量(turnoveroffreighttraffic)货运平均运距(Averagehauloffreighttraffic)1.1经济和铁路运量的增长及变化趋势(GrowthanddevelopmenttrendofChineseeconomyandrailwaytrafficvolume）客运方面(Passengertransport)客运量分担率(Proportionofpassengervolume)旅客周转量分担率(Proportionofpassengerturnover)货运方面(Freighttransport)货运量分担率(Proportionoffreightvolume)货物周转量分担率(Proportionoffreightturnover)1.2铁路在全社会运量中分担率的变化(Proportionofrailwaytrafficvolume)国铁和地方铁路营业里程(State-ownedandlocalrailwaylengthinoperation)铁路车辆保有量铁路客车保有量(Quantityofrailwaypassengervehicles)铁路货车保有量(Quantityofrailwayfreightvehicles)铁路机车总量(Quantityofrailwaylocomotives)1.3铁路网的扩张和机车车辆增长(Developmentofrailwaynetworkandgrowthofrollingstocks)1.4路网技术含量提高(Modernizationofrailway)铁路复线率(Proportionofdoublelinerailway)铁路电气化率(Proportionofelectrifiedrailway)客货列车速度(Speedsofpassengerandfreighttrains)铁路货车平均牵引重量(Averagetrainsgrossweight)1.5铁路面向市场的改革与发展(Railwayreformanddevelopment)铁路提速(Railwayspeed-up)：铁路六次提速(Thesixthspeed-upofrailway)快速客运网络初步形成(Primaryformationofexpresspassengertransportnetwork)铁路重载运输发展(developmentofheavyhaultraffic):大秦线建设与重载单元列车开行(ConstructionofDatong-Qinhuangdaolineandrunningheavyhaulunittrains)繁忙干线开行5000吨重载列车(Running5000theavyhaultrainsonbusymainline)铁路集装箱与快运列车开行(Runningcontainerandexpressfreighttrains)青藏高原铁路建成通车(TheopeningtotrafficoftheQinghai-TibetRailway)铁路管理体制改革（Railwaymanagementsystemreform)）2.中国铁路改革与发展中的主要问题(MainproblemsofChineserailway)2.1铁路管理体制改革和综合交通运输体系建设滞后(Managementsystemreformofrailwayanddevelopmentofcomprehensivetransportsystem)体制改革滞后于其他交通方式(Managementsystemreformofrailwaylagbehindothertransportationmodes)缺乏综合交通运输体系在规划、建设、运营宏观的系统管理(Lackingsystemmanagementofprogramming,constructionandoperation)2.2铁路供需矛盾比较突出(Scarcityoftransportcapacity)：主要干线能力紧张、部分地区进出通道不畅(Scarcityofmainlinestransportcapacityandcongestionofrailwaypassagers)季节运能紧张问题突出、路网规模总量明显不足(Scarcityofseasonaltransportcapacityandnetworkscale)2.3铁路技术进步有待加强(Urgentrequirementsofimprovingrailwaytechnology)提高铁路高速、重载、信息化、安全技术水平和人力资源利用水平(Improverailwaytechnologyintheaspectsofhighspeed,heavyload,informatization,safetyandhumanresourceutilization)2.4路网和运能结构失衡(Unbalancedstructureofnetworkandtransportcapacity)客、货混行，造成客、货争能(Mixedpassengerandfreightrailwayresultcontentionfortransportcapacity）运营与维修矛盾突出(Contradictionofoperationandmaintenance)运输质量不高(Thetransportqualityisnothigh)2.5信息化和现代化管理水平不高(Thelevelofinformatizationandmodernizationisnothigh)先进技术装备运营效率低(Theoperationalefficiencyofadvancedtechnologyequipmentsislow)3.我国铁路运输组织改革与创新的主要思路和对策(MainthoughtsandcountermeasuresofreformingChineserailwayorganization)3.1立足于建立和完善我国综合交通运输体系，加快铁路发展和运输组织改革，大力建设社会化交通运输服务体系，大力发展旅客联程运输和货物多式联运，发挥铁路在综合交通运输体系中的骨干和主导作用。Establishandimprovethecomprehensivetransportsystem,acceleraterailwaydevelopmentandoperationalreform,constructthesocialtransportservicesystem,developintermodaltransportation,exerttheleadingroleofrailway.3.2充分发挥铁路的比较优势和可持续发展特征，努力发展高速铁路、重载运输、节能运输和清洁运输。Exertcomparativeadvantagesandsustainabledevelopmentcharacteristicsofrailwayanddevelophighspeedrailway,heavyloadtransport,energysavingandcleantransport.3.3加快客运专线建设，形成区域、城际、城市一体化快速轨道交通体系，尽快实现主要繁忙干线客货分线运行，改善铁路运能结构。Accelerateconstructionofspecialrailwaypassengertransportlines,formregional,inter-cityandurbanintegrationrapidrailtransitsystem,separatepassengerandfreighttransportonbusymainlinesassoonaspossible.3.4调整铁路生产力布局，减少技术站数量，封闭运量小的中间站，实行集中化运输，改革设备修程修制，调整机务段、车辆段布局和工务、电务维修养护体系。Adjustdistributionofrailwayproductiveforces,reducetechnicalservicestations,closesmallvolumeintermediatestations,implementcentralizedtransportation,reformequipmentrepairsystem,adjustandmergelocomotivedepots,cardepotsandmaintenancesystemofengineeringandelectricity.3.5加快信息化建设，发展以先进信息技术为支撑的运输过程和安全监控系统、运输计划编制与调度指挥系统，运输管理与市场营销决策系统，电子商务系统等。Accelerateinformatizationdevelopment,developadvancedinformationtechnologysupportingformonitoringsystemoftransportprocessandsafety,transportplanningandschedulingsystem,decision-makingsystemoftransportmanagementandmarketing,e-commercesystems.4.新世纪中国铁路发展规划(ProgrammingofChineserailwayinthe21stcentury)4.1铁路客货运量预测与路网规模需求(Forecastofrailwaypassengerandfreightvolumeanddemandofnetworkscale)2001—20107.5％2011—20207.0％全社会旅客发送量(Totalpassengertrafficvolume)铁路客运量(Railwaypassengervolume)国家发展计划(Nationaldevelopmentplanning)GDP平均增长速度(AveragegrowthspeedofGDP)铁路旅客周转量(Railwaypassengerturnover)亿人