初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法

9Aunit3语法（一）动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是notto＋do。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。1．作主语可以直接作主语。如：Toseeistobelieve．但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople．It'sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy．点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在Itis＋adj．（形容词）＋todosth．或Itis＋n．（名词）＋todosth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。2．作宾语a．want，decide，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：Weagreedtostartearly．Shewantstobeadoctor．b．love，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。提示板：likedoing指经常性动作，而liketodo指一次性的动作。如：Ilikeswimming，butIdon'tliketoswimnow．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。c．stop，forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：1）stoptodosth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth．：停止正在做的事。例句：Whentheteachercamein，thestudentsstoppedtalking；whenhecameout，thestudentsstoppedtotalk．当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。2）思考：forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋todosth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep．Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext．点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。3．作宾语补足语a．tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：Itellhimnottogotherebybus．Edison'smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite．b．let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday．Iheardhersinginthenextroom．提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如：Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss．Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom．4．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句：Ihavealotofworktodo．Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy．点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein．Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith？5．表语：放在连系动词be后面例句：Hiswishistobecomeascientist．Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers'lives．当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。6．作状语a．目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，inorder等词后面。如：Icometoseeyou．Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime．b．原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。如：Iamgladtoseeyouhere．Iamsorrytotroubleyou．c．作结果状语。如：Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach．Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people．7．与what，who，whose，when，where，how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如：Idon'tknowwhattodonext．（宾语）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer．（宾语补足语）It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere．（主语）1.Don'tforget_________theletter.A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.thisB.thatC.itD.which4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought7.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing8.Thesitting-roomneeds_______,butit'llhavetowaituntilSaturday.A.becleaningB.tobecleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghimD.visitedhim10.LiYangadvisedme_________toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrinkB.todrinkC.notdrinkingD.drinking一.用动词不定式或ing分词填空1.Ienjoy_________.(sing)2.Whatdoyouwant________(do)next?3.Ilearnt______(swim)whenIwasthreeyearsold.4.Iwasveryupsetandstarted_____(cry).5.Ihope_______(see)youagainsoon.6.Itisafinedaytoday,soIsuggest_____(go)forawalk.7.Haveyoufinished_________(mop)thefloor.8.Hewasveryangryandrefuse__(say)anything.9.WhereisLily?Ineed________(talk)withher.10.Iamtoofat,soIhavedecided_________(do)moreexercise.二.选出正确答案()1.Iusuallygo________withmymotheratweekends.A.shopB.toshopC.shopping()2.Heisnotoldenough________toschool.A.togoB.goC.going()3.Themanadmitted_________thebank.A.robB.torobC.robbing()4.Peoplemuststop________downtrees.A.tocutB.cuttingC.cut()5.I’drather_______acupofcoffee.A.tohaveB.havingD.have()6.Mikemanagedtogiveup_________.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smoke()7.Iamsorrytohavekeptyou________forsuchalongtime.A.towaitB.waitingC.wait()8.Shehasanicevoice.Ioftenhearher________inthemorning.A.singingB.tosingC.sing()9.Idon’tliketravelingbyboat,italwaysmakesme______sick.A.tofeelB.feelingC.feel()10.Letme_______youaroundthecity.A.showB.toshowC.showing()11.Iputtheflowersontheporch_______fromtherain.A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.tobeprotected()12.Kathydecided______hardandmakeherself______behindtheothers.A.towork;notfallB.working;nottofallC.towork;fallD.working;tofall()13.Sheforgot_______theTVwhenshelefthome.A.toturnoffB.turnedoffC.turningoffD.turnoff()14.Myparentswantme________goodmarks.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.got()15.ThedoctoraskedMary________themedicinethreetimesaday.A.nottoremembertakingB.nottoforgettakingC.nottoremembertotakeD.nottoforgettotake()16.Hisjobis________thestudents’meetings.A.organizeB.toorganizeC.organizingD.organized()17.Whatabout_______alettertoyourfriendontheInternet?A.trysendingB.trytosendC.tryingsendingD.tryingtosend()18.Lethim________itbyhimself.A.todoB.doingC.didD.do()19.Thecustomerswatchedtheunusualbird_______inth