家用食品粉碎机毕业设计

届毕业设计家用食品粉碎机毕业设计说明书学生姓名学号所属学院专业班级指导教师日期前言食品粉碎是指在机械外力作用下将固体原料压缩、剪切、摩擦等使固体粉碎，粒径变小的操作。随着食品工业的发展，人们对食品的要求愈来愈高,不仅注重食品的营养成份,同时更注重食品中营养成分的功效大小、人们对其吸收的程度、以及食品的口感、摄人的方便程度等,而对一些具有特殊功效的食品和广泛食用的食品进行微粒化处理,可使其比表面积成倍的增加,提高其活性、吸收率,并使食品的表面电荷、粘着力发生奇妙变化。从而使消化吸收性提高；入口时滑爽，口中迅速溶解，助长美味；在混合操作中，混合产品均一；保证了乳化、分散状态稳定。因此在食品制造上粉碎机得到了广泛的运用。总的说来，我认为粉碎技术在食品加工的重要意义有两条,一是提高食品的口感且有利于营养物质的吸收,二是原来不能充分吸收或利用的原料被重新利用,配制和深加工成各种功能食品,开发新食品材料,增加新食品品种,提高了资源利用率。对于一般家庭来说，结构精密、体积小、重量轻、功效高、无粉尘、清洁卫生、操作简单、造型美观、既省电又安全才是家庭最理想的粉碎机。随着科技的发展，各式各样符合人们要求的粉碎机出现了，而且有着相当大的市场，这里仅对一种粉碎机设计做课题讨论研究。家用食品粉碎机设计是将洗干净的食物像黄豆、绿豆、花生、莲子、玉米、高粱、大麦等进行粉碎处理，这种机械就是食品粉碎机，其工作原理是：将少量食物通过入料口放入机器中，利用钉齿凸板和钉齿滚筒的间隙配合，对食物进行挤压，使之粉碎，然后通过出料口排出，达到粉碎食物的目的。目录1绪论··········································································································11.1家用食品粉碎机的设计背景·····································································11.2我国关于粉碎机技术的发展现状·······························································11.3国外粉碎机技术发展现状········································································21.4粉碎机的技术发展动向···········································································21.4.1微粉碎机··························································································21.4.2气流式超细粉碎机··············································································21.4.3搅拌球（棒）磨式超细粉碎机·······························································21.4.4冲击式超细粉碎机··············································································31.4.5超低温粉碎机····················································································32家用食品粉碎机总体结构设计·····································································32.1入料部分·····························································································42.2粉碎部分·····························································································42.3出料部分·····························································································42.4机架部分·····························································································42.5粉碎机的总体设计·················································································53家用食品粉碎机的设计计算········································································63.1传动装置的设计····················································································63.2V带的设计···························································································63.2.1选择V带型号···················································································63.2.2选择带轮直径1dd、2dd·······································································63.2.3确定中心距a和带的基准长度dL··························································73.2.4确定V带根数Z·················································································73.3轴的设计计算·······················································································83.4轴的校核…………………………………………………………………………………………………………84食品粉碎机的操作规程及注意事项······························································94.1操作规程·····························································································94.2适用范围·····························································································94.3注意事项····························································································10总结············································································································11致谢············································································································12参考文献·····································································································13毕业设计11绪论1.1家用食品粉碎机设计背景随着食品工业的发展，人们对食品的要求愈来愈高,不仅注重食品的营养成份,同时更注重食品中营养成分的功效大小、人们对其吸收的程度、以及食品的口感、摄人的方便程度等,而对一些具有特殊功效的食品和广泛食用的食品进行微粒化处理,可使其比表面积成倍的增加,提高其活性、吸收率,并使食品的表面电荷、粘着力发生奇妙变化。从而保证了乳化、分散状态稳定。因此在食品制造上粉碎机得到了广泛的运用。我认为粉碎技术在食品加工的重要意义有两条,一是提高食品的口感且有利于营养物质的吸收,二是原来不能充分吸收或利用的原料被重新利用,配制和深加工成各种功能食品,开发新食品材料,增加新食品品种,提高了资源利用率。从1955年起，我国开始研制粉碎机。经过近60年的发展，我国粉碎机械不论是产品品种、产品结构．还是在生产能力及综合性能都有了长足的发展和进步。经历了引进、消化吸收、自主开发、合资合作生产等几个阶段，目前我国粉碎机械工业已具备一定的规模和水平，生产的粉碎机械设备主要技术指标与国际水平基本相当。但是从整体上看，我国粉碎机械工业尚处于由传统型向机械化、自动化和集约化过渡的起步阶段。仍然有许多问题需要努力解决，不断改进提高。首先，粉碎设备自动化调控水平有待提高。目前国内粉碎设备大多是单元操作机，作业时还停留在人工控制阶段．人工控制的局限性决定了设备的生产效果难以达到很高的要求，如粉碎物料条件变化时，为了生产出特定粒度的颗粒，往往需要不断的对设备进行调整，这样，粒度均匀性就得不到保证．粉碎效率、产品效果自然受到影响。人工控制还无法对紧急情况做出迅速的响应．使设备的安全性受到限制。因此，在面向高端市场的设备时，应根据实际需要为设备引人智能化控制系统，实现粉碎全过程的闭环控制。如根据监测到的实时产量及牧度情况。在线漏整进料量，主电机转速、锤筛间隙、风镀、分级机转速等参数，以达到理想的粉碎教果。通过压力、温度传感器对粉碎室内情况及轴承温度等进行实时监测。将各参数维持在允许的波动范嗣内，使生产状况达到最优状态。设置自动琏锁保护等以提高设备安垒性能。其次，主要易损部件消耗大，使用寿命有待进一步提高。目前我国粉碎机使用的锤片、筛片及齿扳等易损件在性能、使用寿命上还与国际水平有一定差距。因此，应从耐磨、耐冲击、高寿命、低成本等方面综合考虑，如采用高台金及其它新型耐磨材料作为耐磨件。利用表面渗硼、渗碳、硬质合金堆焊等表面强化处理工艺，用热处理的手段来改变材料的组织．获得各种耐磨的、商硬度的结构来提高耐磨性。再次，粉碎作业能耗高，效率低。生产能力与粉碎细度相互制约。尤其在微粉碎时，物料温升高、噪声大、粒度不均匀。由于微粉碎时锤筛间隙较小，筛扎较小，而转子转速又高，物料通过筛板田难。这增大了物料与筛板的摩擦生热，使得电机的一部分功率转化为热能和噪声而浪费，同时还造成物料在粉碎室内的过度粉碎。使粒度不均匀等等。粉碎效率是衡量一个粉碎系统性能的关键指标，对倒料加工的经济效益有着重要影响。提高粉碎效率，降低单位能耗一直是人们努力研究的首要问题。建议今后在粉碎原理、流场分布、高教筛分、气流分选等方面进行深入研究，通过优化粉碎机结构及其配套设备的探作参数