六层电梯的PLC控制系统设计-毕业论文

学士学位论文I毕业设计论文六层电梯的PLC控制系统设计学士学位论文II摘要本文介绍一种电梯PLC控制系统。电梯是垂直方向的运输设备，是高层建筑中不可缺少的交通运输设备,在人们生活中起着举足轻重的作用。它靠电力拖动一个可以载人或物的轿厢，在建筑物的井道内导轨上做垂直升降运动，要求达到电梯运行的“稳、准、快”的运行。本系统主要由PLC、变频器、交流异步电动机、继电器、行程开关、按钮和发光指示器组成，采用以西门子公司的可编程控制器S7-200对电梯模型进行全过程控制。如今电梯已成为人们进出高层建筑不可或缺的工具，而采用PLC与变频器组成的变频调速电梯具有很好的控制效果，整个系统通过PLC、变频器对电梯的升降、加减速、平层、起动制动进行控制,其结构简单、运行效率高、平层准确。关键词:PLC控制系统；电梯模型；旋转编码器；变频器学士学位论文IIIAbstractThistextintroducesthecontrolsystemofakindofelevatorPLC.Theelevatorisperpendiculardirectionaloftheconveyanceequipmentsbeindispensableinthehighbuildingoftransportationequipments,thereisprominentfunctioninthepeople'slife.Itdependselectricpower,draggingalongtomoveacarthatcancarrypersonsorthingsandleadatrackinthebuildingofthewellwayupdoperpendicularitytoascendanddescendsport,Requesttoattainthemovementpurposeofsteady,quasi-,quickofelevatormovement.ThissystemismainlycomposedofPLC,frequencyconverter,asynchronousmotor,relays,tripswitch,button,andalightindicator,ItcontrolsthewholeprocessontheelevatorbytheprogrammablecontrollerS7-200ofSIEMENScompany.Nowtheelevatorhasbecomeindispensabletoolbywhichpeoplegoinandoutthehigh-risebuilding，VVVFelevatorcomposedbyPLCandthetransducerhavegoodcontroleffect,Theentiresystemcontrolstheelevatorlift,accelerationanddeceleration,leveling,startbrakingthroughthePLCandinverter.Thesystemhassimplestructure,highefficiency,accurateleveling.KeyWords:ThePLCcontrolssystem;Elevatormodel;Rotaryencoder;Electriccircuittransducer学士学位论文IV目录1绪论......................................................................................................................................11.1电梯的概述...................................................................................................................11.1.1电梯的分类.........................................................................................................11.1.2电梯的组成.........................................................................................................21.1.3电梯的工作原理.................................................................................................21.2PLC控制电梯的优势...................................................................................................31.3电梯的发展趋势...........................................................................................................42总体设计方案........................................................................................................................52.1THBCDT-2型多层电梯实验模型...............................................................................52.1.1概述....................................................................................................................52.1.2技术性能............................................................................................................62.1.3操作、使用说明................................................................................................62.2控制要求......................................................................................................................72.3电梯模型控制系统构成..............................................................................................73硬件系统的组成..................................................................................................................93.1可编程控制器简介....................................................................................................93.1.1PLC的结构及各部分的作用.............................................................................93.1.2PLC的工作原理...............................................................................................113.1.3PLC的程序编制...............................................................................................113.1.4PLC的输出方式...............................................................................................133.2PLC型号选择..........................................................................................................143.3变频器的概述..........................................................................................................153.3.1变频器的选择..................................................................................................153.3.2变频器的控制方式..........................................................................................173.3.3变频器调速原理..............................................................................................173.4旋转编码器的测速原理............................................................................................183.5系统安全设计............................................................................................................193.6硬件外部接线图........................................................................................................214软件设计..............................................................................................................................234.1流程图........................................................................................................................234.2输入/输出（I/O）分配表........................................................................