Elements-of-Reading-Fictions

ElementsofReadingFictionsReadthefollowing:Awomanissittinginherold,shutteredhouse.Sheknowsthatsheisaloneinthewholeworld;everyotherthingisdead.Thedoorbellrings.A.storyB.proseC.poemD.playWhydoyouthinkitisastory?1)Ittellsussomethingimaginedratherthanreal.2)Ithassomethingtodowithanimageofpeoplewemeetinourdailylife.3)Ithasacharacterandthecharacterdoessomethinginacertainplaceatacertaintime.Suspense,wonder,deepthought:(1)Whorangthebell?(2)Whyisthecharacterawomanratherthanaman?(3)Whyisthehouseoldandshuttered?(4)Whoisrecountingthestory?Plot,character,setting,pointofviewSuspense,wonder,deepthought:(5)Whateffectisproducedbytheword“knows”?(6)Whydoestheauthorselecttheword“dead”inendingtheparagraph?(7)Whydoestheauthorarrangeanotherparagraphwithjustthreewords?Style,themeSuspense,wonder,deepthought:(8)Whatischaracteristicofthewordingandofthesentencestructure?(9)Whatisthemoralsenseofthestory?Style,themeWaysofAnalysisofaLiteraryWorks•Literatureoftenreferstoimaginativeliterature,thatis,thewritermakesfulluseofhisimaginationtorelatethestory,toexpresshisthoughts,emotion,makingthereadersfeelpleasant,simulatedandmoved,andgainingmoreknowledge,enlargingwidervision,andpurifyingfeelings.WaysofAnalysisofaLiteraryWorksLiteraturehasmanyforms.Andfor“genre”体裁,poetry,fictionsanddramaarethemainliteraryforms.Fictionsareeasiertobeacceptedforthelearnersfortheyhavelotsofplots,richlanguageandareclosetolife.Inwriting,fictionsincludedescription,narration,emotionalizingaswellasdialoguesandcomments.PlotPlotASequenceofInterrelatedActionsorEvents情节：一些关联的行为或事件Plot:(1)ConflictinPlotexternalconflictabasicoppositionbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandmantwoormoreelementscontestingwithintheprotagonist’s（主角)owncharacterinternalconflictFiveStagesofPlot1.Exposition展示3.Crisis/Climax5.Resolution/ConclusionBeginningMiddleEndbackgroundinformation,scene(ifany),situationoratmosphere,datestheaction,characters,theconflict,therisingaction,developsintensifiestheconflictTheOrderofPlotA.ChronologicalPlottingB.FlashbackC.Interleaving片段倒叙D.Cliffhanger连续的悬念插曲thenarrativeatonepointjumpsbackwards(fromtheloversonabalconytothebusymarketplacebelow)oneepisodeendswithamomentofuncertaintyaboutwhatwillhappennext——suspense——andleadstoanotherepisode(ascommonlyusedbyCharlesDickenson)TheOrderofPlotPlotbringsorderoutoflifeanditfocusesandclarifies(explain解析)life.CharactersCharactersCharacters:ThePeopleinFiction人物：小说中的人们TypesofCharacters:(1)Protagonist&AntagonistProtagonist:centralcharacter;Antagonist:rival,opponent.Withoutthem,therewillbenoplot.TypesofCharacters:(2)Flat&RoundCharactersFlatcharacters:embodyorrepresentasinglecharacteristic,trait(特点）,oridea.Roundcharactersarejusttheopposite,andtheyembodyanumberofqualitiesandtraits.扁形人物与圆形人物，是由英国评论家弗斯特在其《小说面面观》中提出的两个美学概念。扁形人物，是用单线条平涂的方法勾勒出来的线性人物，仅占平面的二维空间；圆形人物，则占主体的三维空间，像个水晶球，在阳光的照耀下反射出绚丽多彩的光芒。从理论上看，圆形人物比之扁形人物好像是略高一筹；而实际上，在具体的创作中，二者可以说是各领风骚、各尽其妙。TypesofCharacters:•(3)Dynamic(可变人物)&Static（不变人物，小人物）Characters•Dynamiccharactersexhibitacapacitytochange;•Staticcharactersdonot.MethodsofCharacterization(1)DirectCharacterization:TellingA.throughtheuseofnames:TheHeartofDarkness,YoungGoodmanBrownB.throughappearance:onelegged-man,afacewithascarC.bytheauthorrelyonexpositionanddirectcommentary（解释）bytheauthorMethodsofCharacterization(2)IndirectCharacterization:Showingallowthecharacterstorevealthemselvesdirectlythroughtheirdialogueandtheiraction.Bydialoguesa.theidentifyofthespeaker;b.theoccasion;c.whatisbeingsaid;d.theidentityofthepersonorpersonsthespeakerisaddressing;e.thequalityorcharacteroftheexchange;f.thespeaker’stoneofvoice,stress,dialectandvocabulary.MethodsofCharacterization(2)IndirectCharacterization:Showingallowthecharacterstorevealthemselvesdirectlythroughtheirdialogueandtheiraction.ByactionTheideathatone’sbehaviorisalogicalandevennecessaryextensionofone’spsychologyandpersonalityiswidelyshared.Whatagivencharacterisrevealedbywhatthatcharacterdoes.GoodbyeThanksforyourattention