名词单复数数词疑问词用法及练习初中英语必背知识点

1一、词性的分类1.名词nounn.student学生boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.2.代词pronounpron.you你who,she,it3.形容词adjectiveadj.happy高兴的good,right,white,orange4.副词adverbadv.quickly迅速地very,often,quietly,slowly5.动词verbv.cut砍、割am,is,are,have,see6.数词numeralnum.one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth7.冠词articleart.a一个an,the8.介词prepositionprep.at在...in,on,from,above,behind.9.连词conjunctionconj.and和but,before.二、名词名词的单复数(只用在可数名词)1.基本变化规则①一般在名词后加s，变成复数。如boy→boys,pen→pens等。②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，在后面加es。如class→classes,fox→foxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches。但stomach的复数为stomachs。③“以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es。如baby→babies,family→families。④以f或fe结尾的名词英语中共有100多个，其中直接加s的有92个，但这些绝大多数不常用，如safe,roof,belief等；把f或fe改为v,再加es的只有13个，但13个都是常用的名词，如thief,life,wife,shelf,self,knife,half,leaf,wolf等。thief→thieves,life→lives⑤以o结尾的名词，除有生命的“两人两物”Negro,hero,tomato,potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s。如kilo→kilos,photo→photos,zoo→zoos,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos。⑥.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加s,读|z|2.不规则变化名词单数变复数的不规则变化要注意以下几点：①含man的名词，一般变man为men。如woman→women,policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen。但German→Germans。②将oo改为ee的有foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese等。③复数以en结尾的有child→children,ox→oxen等。④将ouse改为ice的有mouse→mice,louse→lice(虱子)等。⑤单复数同形的有sheep,deer,fish,means,works(工厂),Swiss,Japanese,Chinese等。⑥复合名词变复数一般的复合名词，只把中心词变为复数（中心词一般是第二个名词）appletree→appletreespencil-box→pencil-boxes由man和woman构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数mandoctor→mendoctorswomanteacher→womenteachers除人民币外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,twodollars3.集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。people（人们）police（警察）cattle（牲畜）是复数（Right：aperson，apoliceman，theEnglish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese）2（Wrong：apeople，apolice，acattle）4.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词1.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。2.news是不可数名词。5.表示由两部分构成的东西，glasses（眼镜）trousers（长裤）clothes（衣服）若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双)apairofglasses结构：数词或冠词+量词（s）+of+不可数名词。例如：abottleofmilk→twobottlesofmilkapieceofnews→fourpiecesofnews6.另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods（货物）waters（水域）woods（森林）名词所有格：名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。2）(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’sDay(儿童节),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.today’snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes’break(十分钟的课间休息),China’spopulation(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).3）①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedoctor’s(诊所)②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmyfather’s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)单复数练习一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange__________2、class___________3、monkey__________4、piano___________5、child___________6、shelf____________7、bed____________8、country___________9、family___________10、toy__________11、foot__________12、radio__________13、photo_________14、tomato_________15、woman_________16、knife__________17、sheep__________18、ship__________19、dish___________20、mouse___________二、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1.Therearethree_____________(chair)intheclassroom.2.These_____________(tomato)arered.3.Mybrotherlooksaftertwo_____________(baby)4.Myfatherlikestoeat_____________(potato).5.Chinese_____________(people)liketoeatnoodles.6.Ihavealotof_____________(toy)inmybedroom.7.Mymotherwash_____________(dish)inthekitchen.8.Ihavetwo_____________(pencil-box).9.Therearesome_____________(bus)inthestreet.10.Monsterhaseight_____________(foot).3三、选择填空1.Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos2.ThiscarmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has3.That’sartbook.A.anB.aC.theD.are4.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples5.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish6.Theretwointhebox.A.is,watchB.are,watchesC.are,watchD.is,watches7.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth8.The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers9.Therearethreeonthefarm.A.birdB.sheepC.catD.duck10.Thereisnointhebag.A.applesB.orangesC.cakesD.egg11.Thepighasfour________.A.footB.feetC.foots12.Mytwobrothersare________.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen13.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milksC.milkes14.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.manC.books15.Thecateatstwo_______onMonday.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse16.Ineedapenandsome_____.A.booksB.deskC.chair三、数词1、基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a)hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveonehundredandone1000→one(a)thousand,1000000→onemillion,108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-six,500→fivehundred,1001→onethousandandone,1813→onethousandeighthundredandthirteen.2、序数词：表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1）英语的序数词基本变法：(1)一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。41st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12thfirstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthonehundredandfirst1000th→on