国内外急救医疗服务体系发展的回顾与展望

,,(,200433):;:;;;;,:;:R472.2:B:1671-315X(2004)04-0023-03ReviewandprospectthedevelopmentofnationalandinternationalEmergencyMedicalServiceSystem/ZHANGAi-hua,TAOHong,GUILi//Jour2nalofNursingAdministration,-2004,4(4):23.Abstract:TosummarizethedevelopmentalcharacteristicsofEmergencyMedicalServiceSystem(EMSS)inAmerica,Germany,France,Englandetal.Also,theoriginanddevelopmentofEMSSinChina,patternsofemergencycare,emergencymedicalstaff,emergencyinstrument,thefeatureofemergencynetworkandthedevelopmentprospectofEMSSinChinawerereviewed:weneedtoimprovethecapacitytocopewithemergency,establishandperfecturbanemergencyrescuesystem,carryoutmodernizationofemergencyequipment,strengthenthetrainingofemergencymedicalstaff,rein2forcetheregionalcooperationofEMSS,anddevelopinternationalcommunicationandcollaboration.Authorsaddress:DepartmentofEmergencyNursingEducationGroup,theSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Shanghai200433,ChinaKeywords:emergencycare;emergencymedicalservicesystem:2004-01-09;:2004-02-20:(1970-),,,,,,,,,,,11.12050,1973EMSS,1976,,,ICUCCU[1]2070,,[2]24h,,,2040min,2h34[3],1/3[4]1.2,3,,,110,,54,61[5]36,5070km,95%,520min,2045min[6]1.31936(serviceDaidemedicaleurgent,SAMU),,15,SAMU,SAMUSAMU,,,ICU,,,105SAMU350,31,90%,(2114)km,(127)min,[7]1.4,1401948,322004444,,,,,,,,3min,7min[6]1.5,[89],SOS,23[4],22.12050,,2080,,19801019954;20029,,[10]2.2,5[11]::,,120;:,,;:,;;:2.3,5111,1,,332,,[12](EMT-B)80140h,(EMT-I)200400h,,(EMT-P)5001500h,[12]34,,[3]335,6.25h,2/3,1/3,10%EMSS75%[13],,,(12),[3],,,,,(),2.4,3,,,ICU,;,,;,,,2.520,,,,ICUCCU,()(),2001()153,73,()48%153()120,137,99,54,20291GPS(),18GPS()83km(510km)[14]342200444420,,,,3.19.11,SARS,20014,SARS,,20035,SARS,,,3.2,,,,,,,,110119120122999,EMSEMS,,,[15]3.3,:,;A.cardarelli,[16],3.4,,,,,(BLS)(ALS)BLS,ALS,ALSBLS,,,1,,3.5,,,,,,,,:[1]JudithET,ErnestR,RonaldLK.Emergencymedicine[M].Xian:WorldPublishingCorporation:McGraw-Hill,1999.14.[2],.[J].,2000,21(2):102103.[3]KevinRW.FellowshipTraininginEmergencyMedicine[EB/OL].[4].[J].,2001,20(3):382384.[5]Anonymous.TheGermanSeaRescueService(SAR)[J].Int-Marit-Health,2002,53(14):127138.[6],,,.[J].,2001,13(6):325326.[7]BakerDJ.(SAMU)[EB/OL].=101,2003-05-06.[8]NagatumaH.DevelopmentofanEmergencyMedicalVideoMul2tiplexingTransportSystem(EMTS):aimingatthenation-wideprehospitalcareinambulance[J].J-Med-St,2003,27(3):225232.[9]CottinoA,Grazia-deMA,GaiV.FormationofemergencymedicineinItaly[J].Eur-J-Emerg-Med,1998,5(4):457460.[10],,.[EB/OL].=915,2003-10-27.[11].[J].,2003,23(5):315.[12].[EB/OL].=928,2003-11-05.[13]DavidMC,OJohnM.JusttheFactsinEmergencyMedicine[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hillprofessional,2001.12.[14].[EB/OL].=931,2003-11-18.[15].()[J].,2003,8(5):1618.[16],.[J].,2000,29(3):4243.(:,)522004444