无线多媒体传感器网络QoS区分服务路由机制

QoS李方敏1,2,方艺霖1,2,李1,刘新华1,2(1.,430070;2.,430070):,,.,,,,.,.:;;;:TN92:A:03722112(2010)10232207QoSDifferentiatedServiceRoutingforWirelessMultimediaSensorNetworksLIFangmin1,2,FANGYilin1,2,LIHeng1,LIUXinhua1,2(1.KeyLaboratoryofBroadbandWirelessCommunicationandSensorNetworks,Wuhan,Hubei430070,China;2.SchoolofInformationEngineering,WuhanUniversityofTechnology,Wuhan,Hubei430070,China)Abstract:Therearemanytypesofdatacoexistinginwirelessmultimediasensornetworks,whichhavedifferentqualityofservicerequirements.Soqualityofserviceisanimportantissueofwirelessmultimediasensornetworks.Thispaperproposesananglebaseddifferentiatedservicesroutingalgorithm.Nodesinthisnewalgorithmselectappropriatetransmittingregionwhichisclassifiedbyitsdeviateangelfordifferenttypesofdatestreams,andchoosetheappropriateroutebasedonlocalneighborinformationsuchasneighboringnodeposition,singlehopcommunicationcostandresidualenergy.Thesimulationresultsshowedthattheproposedalgorithmoutperformssomewellknownroutingalgorithmsintermsofmultimediadatastreamdelay,jitter,packetlossrateandpowerconsumption.Keywords:wirelessmultimediasensornetworks;QualityofService;DifferentiatedService;routing1,,,.QoS(QualityofService),QoS,QoS[1],QoS.,Sink.,,,.,[2],QoS,r,,.[3]QoS,:20090620;:20091105:(No.60970019,No.60773212);(No.2009CDA132)10201010ACTAELECTRONICASINICAVol.38No.10Oct.2010,.RAP[4]VMS(VelocityMonotonicScheduling),,.SPEED[5]RPAR[6],.RPAR,,,,.MMSPEED[7],,.,preq,preq,.,.,ADSR.QoS,.,,QoS.,ADPC[8],Sink.,QoS,.2.,,Sink,,,Sink.,QoS,,.,,,.,R.Sink,.:(PeriodFrame),(VideoFrame).PeriodFrame,;VideoFrame.,,(KeyFrame),,,(OrdinaryFrame).,QoS1.1ADSRKeyFrameOrdinaryFramePeriodFrameSink,.,,,,,,MAC(MediumAccessControl).,,,;,,,,,,.3311.,,.Beacon,ADSR,.,,,,.32321(1)1()Ni,Nj,2.NiNj,Sink,[8]ExpectProcess=Disti,d-Distj,d,Disti,dDistj,dNiNjSink.2()NiSink,NjNi,[-180,180].Disti,d=d,Disti,j=r,R,:Hop(,r)=Disti,dExpectProcess=dd-d2+r2-2drcos(1)232310:QoS:Hop(,r)=(dd-d2+r2-2drcos)=rsind(1-g(,r))2g(,r)(2),g(,r)=1+(rd)2-2rdcos.Matlab(1)(2)3(a)(b),(0,20),Hop(,r),Disti,d/R,,;70,..[-20,20]VideoFrame,[-70,-20)!(20,70]VideoFrame,PeriodFrame,4.,,sink,,,.Ni:FCSkFCSoFCSp,KeyFrameOrdinaryFramePeriodFrameTransmissionArea.(2)Sink,,.[9],5,Ni,Nj,X0OY0,Ni,NiSink()XNi,NjNi()TransmissionArea.Ni(x0i,y0i),Nj(x0j,y0j)Sink(x0d,y0d),(3)[9]Nj(xj,yj):23242010xj=cos∀(x0j-x0i)+sin(y0j-y0i)yj=cos∀(y0j-y0i)-sin(x0j-x0i)(3)=arctan(y0d-y0ix0d-x0i).Nj:=arctan(yj/xj),[-180,-90)!(-90,90)!(90,180],tan=yjxj=(x0d-x0i)(x0j-x0i)+(y0d-y0i)(y0j-y0i)(x0d-x0i)(y0j-y0i)-(y0d-y0i)(x0j-x0i).FCSkFCSoFCSp:NjFCSk,NjFCSo,NjFCSp,[-20,20][-70,-20)!(20,70](4),|tan|#tan20,xj∃0,[-20,20];tan20#|tan|#tan70xj∃0,[-70,-20)!(20,70].(x0d-x0i)(y0j-y0i)∃(y0d-y0i)(x0j-x0i),xj∃0.(4):NjFCSk,tan#tan20(x0d-x0i)(y0j-y0i)∃(y0d-y0i)(x0j-x0i)NjFCSo,tan20tan#tan70(x0d-x0i)(y0j-y0i)∃(y0d-y0i)(x0j-x0i)NjFCSp,(5)(5),,.322,,.,Delay,,.MAC,.SPEED,Nitarrival,ACK(Acknowledgment)trecp,ACK.NiACKtACK,NiACKMi=tACK-tarrival-trecp.Ni(6),(),,.Delayi=!Delayi+(1-!)Mi(6),!0#!1.,,Jacobson,.:Delayi-Mi,:∀i=!∀i+(1-!)(Delayi-Mi)(7)NiMACLi,Lmax,MACi=Li/Lmax.,,.,,,,.,,,.323,.,Sink(x0d,y0d),.Ni,(5),FCSkFCSoFCSp,.[3],,,(FCSkFCSo):ExpectProcess∃Th,Disti,d-Distj,d∃Th,Th,0ThR,ThR/2.,(1),.6.,232510:QoSEres,:∀∀Th,,%0,,,%1,,.∀∀Th,.,,,.,:∀∀ThorEresETh(8),:Costi,j=(Disti,d-Distj,d)Delayj(1-)EresEinital(9)Einital,.324ExpectProcessTh,Th,6,,Th.,,,,.,,(,%1),,,,FCSkFCSo,,.33MACQoS802.11eEDCA[10],.,VideoFramePeriodFrame,:,,4.1.AIFS(ArbitrationInterFrameSpace),,.,,0,,,.TXOP,,SIFS(ShortInterFrameSpace),.441JSim.,QoS,.2,.,.2300&300m2400Kb/s/10/4/90/2050m200bytes50bytes1Packet/s~50Packet/s1Packet/s,MAC,SPEEDmotes([11]),,,802.11,1000m/s.ADSR80211eEDCA.Deadline02s,Deadline1s,MAC3.3MACMAC802.11eEDCASIFS:10#s,SlotTime:20#sAIFS:2,PF:2,CWmin:31,CWmax:200,TXOPlimit:0.03AIFS:3,PF:2,CWmin:200,CWmax:1023,TXOPlimit:0.06802.11SIFS:10#s,SlotTime:20#s,CWmin:31,CWmax:1023,DIFS:242(1):SinkQoS,Sink23262010.ADSRSPEED7,ADSR,,SPEED,.,.SPEED,,,.(2):,.ADSRSPEED8,ADSRSPEED,100ms,.(3):,.ADSRSPEED9,ADSRPeriodFrameKeyFrameOrdinaryFrame,SPEED.(4):,[12].,,10,,ADSRSPEED.5,,QoS,,,,ADSR,.,,SPEED.,ADSRQoS,.:[1],.QoS[J].,2008,36(7):1412-1420.SunYan,MaHuadong.TheQoSGuaranteeProblemforWirelessMultimediaSensorNetworks[J].ActaElectronicaSinica,2008,36(7):1412-1420.(inChinese)[2]KAkkaya,MYounis.AnenergyawareQoSroutingprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks[A].Proceedingsof23rdInternationalConferenceonDistributedComputingSystemsWorkshops(ICSDSW∋03)[C].Washington,DC,USA:IEEEComputerSociety,2003.710-715.[3]LSavidge,HLee,HAghajan,etal.QoSbasedgeographicroutingforeventdrivenimagesensornetworks[A].Proceedingsof2ndInternationalConferenceonBroadbandNetworks(BROADNETS2005)[C].Boston,MA:IEEEPress,2005.68-77.[4]CLu,BMBlum,TFAbdelzaher,etal.RAP:arealtimecommunicationarchitectureforlargescalewirelesssensornetworks[A].Proceedingsofthe8thIEEERealTimeandEmbeddedTechnologyandApplicationsSymposium[C].Charlottesville,VA,USA:UniversityofVirginia,2002.55-66.[5]THe,JAStankovic,CLu,etal.Aspatiotemporalcommunicationprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks[J].IEEETransactionsonParall