生态系统服务价值评估研究进展

26120061ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.26,No.1Jan.,20061,2,1,13(11,100101;21,100039):(30230090):2005205217;:2005211229:(1978),,,,.E2mail:[e-mail],[e-mail]:,3Authorforcorrespondence.E2mail:[e-mail]:NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.30230090)Receiveddate:2005205217;Accepteddate:2005211229Biography:YANGGuang2Mei,Ph.D.candidate,mainlyengagedinecologicaleconomics.E2mail:[e-mail],[e-mail]:,,:,,,,;,,,,;,,,,,:;;;:100020933(2006)0120205208:Q147,Q149:AReviewofforeignopinionsonevaluationofecosystemservicesYANGGuang2Mei1,2,LIWen2Hua1,MINQing2Wen13(11InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,Beijing,100101,China;21GraduatedSchoolofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2006,26(1):205212.Abstract:Sincetheearly1960s,especiallyafterthepublicationofCostanzasfamousarticleinNaturein1997,evaluationofecosystemserviceshasbeenoneofthehottestandmostdebatedissuesinthefieldofecologyandecologicaleconomics.Differentopinionswereexpressedregardingthenecessityandvalidityofevaluationusingeconomicmethods.Themaindifficultiesforeconomicevaluationwerediscussed.Firstly,thecomplexityofecosystem,includinginterdependenceandtransitionofspatial2temporalscalingofvariousecologicalfunctionsleadtorepeatedcalculationanddifficultinextrapolatingevaluationresults.Secondly,theeconomicmethodshavetheirownlimitationandweakness.Forinstance,differentmethodshavebeenchoseninaccordancewithevaluationobjectsandpurposes,andevaluationresultsrelyverymuchonthemethodsselected.Thesecausenon2comparabilitybetweentheresults.Lastly,economicmethodscouldnotalwaysreflectrealvaluesofnaturalecosystemswhenpreferencesofhumantoecosystemserviceschangewithtimeandappearanceofnewinformation.Itisrecommendedthatfuturestudiesshouldfocusontheaboveissuessoastoensureanobjectiveandreliableassessmentresult,andprovideastrongsupportforestablishingecologicalcompensationmechanismsandimprovingecosystemmanagement.Keywords:ecosystemservices;evaluation;ecosystemmanagement;economicmethods,1960[14],10a,[5]1997CostanzaNatureThevalueoftheworldsecosystemservicesandnaturalcapital[6],Nature15,Science,BioScience,Ecosystems,EnvironmentalScienceandTechnology,ScienceNews,NewYorkTimes,Newsweek,USNews,WorldReportCostanza,,,,,1111,[7],,,,[8,9],(),,,,[10]:,,,,[11],[12],,2001(Millenniumecosystemassessment,MA),951300,[13]112,,,(),,[14],[15],,,2211,,Costanza[16]602261998CostanzaEcologicalEconomics[5],:;;Serafy,;,[17][18]Heal,[19],Sagoff,[20]Wilson[21],:?,2?,,[22]?212,3:;;3,21211(1)(),,;,,[16],,[23,16],,,,Barbier,[24]Turner,,[25],[26],,(2),,[27][28],,:;;;,;,,,[29],7021:,,2[25],21212,,[30]4(1),[31],,,[32];[33,34],,[20],[35](2),:(Replacementcost,RC),(),[29],,,,:,[9,42],,[29]Costanza1997[29,31,36],(Travelcost,TC),[34],,[29]:,,;,(Hedonicpricing,HP),,,,[32];,[34](3)(Contingentvaluation,CV),,,[37]1600[38],,,,:[29],;,,2280226(4)(Groupvaluation,GV)[20,21,39],,,:,[39],,,,[10][21,40],,,DeGroot[26]Costanza1997,100,23(1),1:;;;()(),,DeGroot[26]1(1)2121343()(),,,,,,,,,,()(),,,,[40],,,,,[16],,,,[28],[41]3,,,;,,;9021:1Table1Relationshipbetweenecosystemfunctionsandmonetaryvaluationtechniques()Ecosystemfunction(andassociatedgoodsandservices)(USP(hm2a))Rangeofmon2etaryvaluesDirectmarketpricingIndirectmarketpricingAvoidedcostReplacementcostFactorincomeTravelcostHedonicpricingContingentvaluationGroupvaluationRegulationfunction1Gasregulation7265+++00002Climateregulation88223+++00003Disturbanceregulation27240++++++0+04Waterregulation25445+++0+++0005Watersupply37600+++0++000006Soilretention29245+++++00007Soilformation110+++00008Nutrientcycling87211000+++0009Wastetreatment5866960+++00++010Pollination14250++++++0011Biologicalcontrol278+0+++++00Habitatfunctions12Refugiumfunction31523+++000++013Nurseryfunction142195+++000000Productionfunctions14Food62761+++0+++015Rawmaterial61014+++0+++016Geneticresources6112+++0++0017Medicinalresources+++00++0018Ornamentalresources3145+++0++000Informationfunctions19Aestheticinformation7176000+++0020Ricreationandtourism26000+++0++++++++21Culturalandartisticinsp.0000+++022Spiritualandhistoricinf.12500+++023Scienceandeducation+++0000Costanza(1997);(22);+++:;++:;0:CostanzaDollarvaluesarebasedoncostanzaetal.(1997)andapplytodifferentecosystems;Basedonaddedvalueonly(i.e.marketpriceminuscapitalandlaborcosts);Inthecolumns,themostusedmethodonwhichthecalculationwasbasedisindicatedwith+++,thesecondmostwith++,etc;opencirclesindicatethatthatmethodwasnotusedintheCostanzastudybutcouldpotentiallyalsobeappliedtothatfunction01226,,Costanza:,[5][9],,,,,,,,,,References:[1]KingRT.Wildlifeandman.NewYorkConservationist,1966,20(6):811.[2]HelliwellDR.Valuationofwildliferesources.RegionalStudies,1969,3:4149.[3]HuetingR.Moetdenatuurwordengekwantificeerd?(ShouldNaturebeQuantified).EconomicaStatistischeBerichten,1970,55(2730):8084.[4]OdumEP,OdumHT.Naturalareasasnecessarycomponentsofmanstotalenvironment.In:Transactionsofthe37thNorthAmericanWildlifeandNaturalResourcesConference,WildlifeManagementInstitute,Washington,DC,1972,37:178189.[5]D