现在完成时态讲解

现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTenseByZhaoXiaolan助动词have/has+P.P（PastParticiple）have/has可与主语缩写为:(--’ve/--’s)一、结构：1)Ihave(I’ve)studiedEnglishsinceIwas4yearsold.自从4岁起我就一直学英语。2)She’sbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes.她去过长城很多次了。1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现造成的影响和结果。二、用法：I’mnothungrynow,Ihave(I’ve)eatenlunch.1)、我现在不饿，我吃过午饭了。Wehavetowalkupstairs,thelifthas(thelift’s)broken.2)、我们必须爬楼梯，电梯坏了。Ihave(I’ve)studiedEnglishsinceIwas4yearsold.1)、自从4岁起我就一直学英语。Shehas(She’s)listenedtomusicforthreehourstoday.2)、她今天听了三个小时的音乐了。2、表示某一动作或状态从过去一直持续到现在。常与for和since短语连用，其谓语动词必须是延续性动词，否定句中可以与非延续性动词连用。Thesupermarkethasopenedforoneyear.3)、这家超市开业有一年了。Thesupermarkethasbeenopenforoneyear.4)、我有很长一段时间没见到Tom了。Ihaven’tseen/metTomforalongtime.1、我记得所有的单词，我刚刚抄过了。2、Tom把他的钢笔弄丢了，他没法做作业。3、自半个月前开始他就在这所学校了。Irememberallthewords,Ihave(I’ve)justcopiedthem.Tom(Tom’s)haslosthispen,hecan’tdohishomework.Hehas(He’s)beenin/attheschoolsincehalfamonthago.6、我看过《西游记》这本书。IhavereadthebookJourneytotheWest.7、那个小男孩已经用光了所有的钱。Thelittleboyhasalreadyrunoutofallhismoney.just“刚刚”，位于句中，(justnow与一般过去时连用)already已经”，用于肯定句句中yet用于否定句（还）和疑问句（已经）句末never“从不，绝不”,位于句中，肯定形式表示否定含义ever“曾经”，位于句中before“以前”,位于句末,sofar“到目前为止”，位于句末。现在完成时态常与这些副词连用：Ihavealreadywashedmyclothes.Theladyhasn'tfoundherdogyet.Hehasjustcomebackfromschool.AllenhaseverbeentoHongKong.She’sneverseensuchanexcitingmatchbefore．1、我已经洗过我的衣服了。2、这位女士还没找到她的狗。3、他刚刚从学校回来。4、Allen曾经去过香港。5、她以前从没看过这么精彩的比赛。三、否定及疑问句形式：主+have/hasnot+P.P.+…否定：一般问句：Have/Has+主+P.P+…？havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’t.答语：Yes,主+have/has.No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.•I’vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.---I’venotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.---Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?---Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.(Notyet.)•Kite’smadeaspecialmealforus.---Kitehasn’tmadeaspecialmealforus.---HasKitemadeaspecialmealforus/you?---Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.WhathasKitedoneforus/you?1、Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（改为否定句）He_______finishedhishomework_____．2．Theyhavealreadyfoundthelostbooks.（改为一般问句，并作否定回答）____they____thelostbooks____？No，they_____．3．Juliahasnotgothomefromschoolyet．（改为肯定句）Julia_____________________homefromschool．4．YouhaveneverbeentoShanghaibefore，__________？（改为反意疑问句）5.He’sgonetoBeijing,____________?（改为反意疑问句）6．Mr.WangbegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999．（改为同义句）Mr.Wang__________Englishinthisschoolsince1999．7.Theyhavelivedheresince3yearsago.(对划线提问)theyhere?hasn’tyetHavefoundyethaven’tgot/gottenalreadyhashaveyouhehasn’thastaughtlivedhavelongHow现在完成时态与for和since短语连用时，其谓语动词必须是延续性动词（否定句中可以与非延续性动词连用）。KitejoinedtheLeague2monthsago.(用现在完成时态改写)KitehasjoinedtheLeaguefor2months.---Kitehasbeenin/beenamemberoftheLeaguefor2months.延续性动词转化为非延续性动词：1、将其转化为bein/be+n./beamemberof。jointhearmy/League----bein/beamemberofthearmy/Leaguegotoschool----bein/atschool,beastudent2、将其转化为相应的动词。borrow—keep,buy—had,become/get—bearrive/reach/getto—bein/atcatchacold—haveacoldcome/goto—bein/at3、将其转化为be+adj./be+adv.的结构。close—beclosedopen—beopenwake—beawakefall/gettosleep—beasleepdie—bedeadstart/begin—beongetup—beupgoout—beoutleave—beaway(from)end/finish—beoverreturn/goback/comeback/getback—bebackHisgrandpahasbeendeadfor5years.他爷爷去世有5年了。-Hisgrandpahasbeendeadsince5yearsago.-Hisgrandpadied5yearsago.-Itis5yearssincehisgrandpadied.Thefilmhasbeenonfor20minutes.电影已经开演有20分钟了。-Thefilmhasbeenonsince20minutesago.-Thefilmstarted/began20minutesago.-Itis20minutessincethefilmstarted/began.这本书你可以借两周。Youcankeepthebookfor2weeks.Youcanborrowthebookfor2weeks.