基于abaqus仿真的电动机振动特性分析及振动故障诊断

基于abaqus仿真的电动机振动特性分析及振动故障诊断BasedonAbaqusSimulationMotorMibrationCharacteristicAnalysisandtheVibrationFaultDiagnosis领域：软件工程研究生：任鸣指导教师：王秀锦企业导师：吴德忠天津大学软件学院二零一三年十一月独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得天津大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名：签字日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解天津大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权天津大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明）学位论文作者签名：导师签名：签字日期：年月日签字日期：年月日中文摘要电机的振动问题是电机行业的共同问题，在电机设计阶段的电机振动特性的分析预测，并在振动问题的事件可以提出合理的解决方案，是电机企业生产中迫切需要解决的问题。怎么准确地计算变频电动机振动特性，以便找出合理的结构设计方案，进而提高电机设计质量和水平，加强企业的竞争力，已成为电动机生产制造企业的关键技术之一。本论文针对我单位生产的某型号变频电动机运行在某一频率时，电机转子轴承在垂直于轴承的两个方向振动位移较大，超过电机安全运行标准这一实际问题，采用计算机仿真的方法进行研究。通过仿真软件，分别对电动机原始模型的转子、定子、机座以及整机进行模态计算，得出各个部件以及整机的振动频率和振型，并与实际使用情况进行对比，找到影响频率的关键因素；然后对电机的机座结构、转子、轴承等相关部件进行调整，进行振动、刚度、强度模拟仿真，提取各部件及整机的振型、频率，确定引起振动的原因，并根据ABAQUS有限元软件计算结果提出优化方案，使整机的低阶共振频率提高至工作激振频率以上，从而保证电机正常运转。论文主旨在于通过仿真软件提供一个解决该行业电机振动问题的思路。关键词:电动机，频率，振动，模态，ABAQUSABSTRACTVibrationproblemofthemotoristhecommonproblemofthemotorindustry,inmotordesignphaseofthevibrationcharacteristicanalysisofforecast,andthevibrationproblemofeventscanputforwardreasonablesolution,isthemotorenterprisesurgentlyneedtosolveproblemsinproduction.Howtoaccuratelycalculatevibrationfrequencyconversionmotor,soastofindoutthereasonablestructuredesign,andthusimprovethequalityofmotordesignandlevel,strengthenthecompetitivenessoftheenterprise,hasbecomeoneofthekeytechnologyofmotormanufacturingenterprises.Thisthesisaimedatmyunitproductionofacertaintypeofvariablefrequencymotorrunningataparticularfrequency,themotorrotorbearinginthedirectionperpendiculartothebearingofthetwovibrationdisplacementislarger,morethanthesafeoperationofthemotorstandardthispracticalproblem,adoptthemethodofcomputersimulationarestudied.Respectivelythroughthesimulationsoftware,themotoroftheoriginalmodeloftherotor,stator,chassisandenginemodalcalculation,itisconcludedthatthevibrationfrequencyandvibrationoftheenginepartsandtype,andcomparedwiththeactualusage,findthekeyfactorsinfluencingthefrequency;Thentheshellstructureofthemotor,therotor,bearingtoadjusttherelevantparts,suchasvibration,stiffness,strengthsimulation,extractionpartsandvibrationmodeandfrequencyofthemachine,determinethecauseofvibration,andputforwardoptimizationschemebasedonresultsofcalculatingthefiniteelementsoftwareABAQUS,raisetheloworderresonancefrequencyofthewholemachinetoworkabovethevibrationfrequency,sothatthemotorrunproperly.Papermainlythroughthesimulationsoftwareprovidesatrainofthoughttosolvetheproblemofthemotorvibration.Keywords:motor,frequency,vibration,modal,abaqus目录第一章绪论...................................................................................................................................11.1课题背景及意义................................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状................................................................................................................11.2.1近似模型法..............................................................................................................21.2.2能量法......................................................................................................................21.2.3试验模态法..............................................................................................................21.2.4有限元法..................................................................................................................41.3论文的组织结构................................................................................................................5第二章相关理论及技术...............................................................................................................72.1机械振动的种类................................................................................................................72.1.1自由振动..................................................................................................................72.1.2受迫振动..................................................................................................................82.1.3自激振动..................................................................................................................82.1.4参激振动..................................................................................................................82.2机械振动的合理利用........................................................................................................82.2.1振动的合理利用......................................................................................................82.2.2振动带来的危害......................................................................................................92.3.1有限元法发展综述...............................................................................................102.3.2有限元法的理论基础...........................................................................................102.3.3有限元计算的基本步骤..........................................