语法专题之非谓语结构

非谓语动词简述非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语的分类：todo,doing,done非谓语的不同形式：todo不定式tobedoingtohavedonedoing现在分词havingdone过去分词:donehavingbeingdone非谓语动词的句法功能名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√可充当成分:主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.一、不定式1.不定式作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．2.不定式作宾语Youneedn'tbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire1.Idon'twant_______likeI'mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.Ithinkyou’llgrow________himwhenyouknowhimbetter.A．likingB．tobelikeC．tolikeD．tobeliking1.A2.C3.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard3.D注意：1.介词but,except,besides,otherthan+todo时，介词前有行为动词do或其某种形式时，不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.Theydidnothingbutcomplain.Wehadnothingtodootherthanwait.2.某些特殊结构cannotbutdo只好做…;candonothingbutdohadbetterdosthhavenochoicebuttodocan’tchoosebutdocan’thelpbutdowouldratherdoAthandoB3.不定式作表语Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质HeistomarryRose.表按计划要做的事情.注意不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.4.不定式作定语Ineedapentowritewith.CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.thewaytounderstandotherstheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish注意：1.“有”字结构havesthtodo如：Ihavesomeclothestowash.Ihavesomeclothestobewashed.2.thefirst+(sb/sth)+todosecondthird3.givemeaknifetocutwithpentohouseto工具…地点…writewithlivein5.不定式作宾语补足语Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.1）see、watch、notice、observelookatmake、let、havehear,listentofeel吾看三室两厅一感觉被动语态中加to+sbdo如：Iheardhimsingasongjustnow.Hewasheardtosingasongjustnow.Wemadehimcleantheclassroom.Heismadetocleantheclassroom.2)五看，一室，两厅，一感觉find,catch,keep,leave如：Ifoundhimcryinginthestreet.Hewascaughtstealing.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.+sb+doing3）主要动词+todotellsbtodopersuadesbtodoforbidsbtodoencouragesbtodoconvincesbtodorequiresbtodoforcesbtodobegsbtodowantsbtodoadvisesbtodoordersbtodoremindsbtodogetsbtodocausesbtodowarnsbtodoteachsbtodoinvitesbtodo4)做主补的结构sbisrequiredtodo\tobedoing\tohavedonesaidbelievedknownconsideredfoundreported如：Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.Heatisconsideredtobeaformofenergy.5)find+it+n/adj+todothinkfeelmakeconsiderexpect如：Wemakeitaruletogetupearly.ShefindsiteasytolearnEnglish.Myadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake6.不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespracticedhardtowinthematch.相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语.1.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2．Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas.A．inordertohavereceivedB．inordertoreceiveC．soastobereceivedD．soastobereceiving1.D2.C3._________moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A．TofindoutB．FindingoutC．FindoutD．Havingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have7.不定式作结果状语常用enoughtodo，sufficient(足够的）todo，onlytodo，too…todo，so+形容词/副词+astodo,such+名词…astodo引导Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only________thefilmstarshadleft.A．totellB．tobetoldC．tellingD．told2.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound8.不定式作原因状语常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.Youweresillynot____yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedB9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard2.----IsBobstillperforming?----I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft1.D2.A1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut_____ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken1A2.A10.不定式后动词的省略动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(ple