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国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA圈子即有相同爱好、兴趣或者为了某个特定目的而联系在一起的人群,实际上就是物以类聚,人以群分。所谓:谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁比如:汽车发烧友可以加入“汽车圈子”,数码产品发烧友可以加入“数码圈子”,甚至喜欢喝酒的人都可以加入“品酒的圈子”等等。因为红酒,有了“小资”圈子因为宠物,有了“融洽”圈子国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA事实上,很多圈子的形成是通过人们之间的社会行为特征自然形成的,如“社交圈子”,“IT圈子”,“演艺圈子”等。而这种圈子的划分,实际上就是对人群进行了一次分类划分,即分众的模式。从营销角度来讲,这样就极易形成一个定向准确的广告投放受众人群,更易实现营销效果。同时,圈子对圈子内的个体具有很大的影响力。因为鸟鸣,有了“闲散”圈子国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAChapter11GroupInfluenceandOpinionLeadership参考群体和意见领袖国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAChapterObjectivesWhenyoufinishthischapteryoushouldunderstandwhy:Others,especiallythosewhopossesssomekindofsocialpower,ofteninfluenceus.Weseekoutotherswhoshareourinterestsinproductsorservices.Wearemotivatedtobuyoruseproductsinordertobeconsistentwithwhatotherpeopledo.Thethingsthatotherconsumerstellusaboutproducts(goodandbad)areoftenmoreinfluentialthantheadvertisingwesee.国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAChapterObjectives(cont.)Onlinetechnologiesareacceleratingtheimpactofword-of-mouthcommunication.Socialnetworkingischangingthewaycompaniesandconsumersinteract.Certainpeopleareparticularlylikelytoinfluenceothers’productchoices.国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAReferenceGroupsReferencegroup:anactualorimaginaryindividual/groupconceivedofhavingsignificantrelevanceuponanindividual’sevaluations,aspirations,orbehavior与个人的评价、追求或行为有重大相关性的真实的或虚构的个人或群体。Influencesconsumersinthreeways:信息——Informational功利——Utilitarian价值表达——Value-expressive国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA参考群体的三种影响形式国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAReferenceGroupInfluencesReferencegroupinfluencesstrongerforpurchasesthatare:LuxuriesratherthannecessitiesSociallyconspicuous/visibletoothers(社会显著性或他人可见性)Figure11.1国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAWhenReferenceGroupsAreImportantSocialpower:capacitytoaltertheactionsofothers(改变他人行为的能力)Typesofsocialpower:Referentpower参照对象的力量Informationpower信息的力量Legitimatepower合法的力量Expertpower专家的力量Rewardpower奖赏的力量Coercivepower强制的力量国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINADiscussion请从你自己的角度来给下列社会力量举例ReferentpowerInformationpowerLegitimatepowerExpertpowerRewardpowerCoercivepower国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINATypesofReferenceGroupsAnyexternalinfluencethatprovidessocialcluescanbeareferencegroupCulturalfigureParentsLarge,formalorganizationSmallandinformalgroupsExertamorepowerfulinfluenceonindividualconsumersApartofourday-to-daylives:normativeinfluence国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINABrandCommunities(品牌社区)andConsumerTribes(消费者部落)Agroupofconsumerswhoshareasetofsocialrelationshipsbaseduponusageorinterestinaproduct(基于共同的产品使用或产品兴趣)Consumertribeshareemotions,moralbeliefs,stylesoflife,andaffiliatedproduct(基于共同的情感、道德信念、生活方式、相关的产品)Tribalmarketing(部落营销):linkingaproducttotheneedsofagroupasawhole国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAIphone4论坛国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA魅族M8、M9国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA两种参考群体:MembershipversusAspirational(渴望型)ReferenceGroupsMembershipreferencegroups:peopletheconsumeractuallyknowsAdvertisersuse“ordinarypeople(普通人)”Aspirationalreferencegroups:peopletheconsumerdoesn’tknowbutadmiresAdvertisersusecelebrityspokespeople国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA预测哪些人将成为参考群体邻近性(propinquity)虽然大多数消费者只羡慕那些离他们很远的参考群体,但是越来越多的人花大钱来到参考群体身边与他们的英雄在一起。单纯曝光(Mereexposure)我们会仅仅因为见到一个人或事物的次数多而对其产生好感群体凝聚力(Groupcohesiveness)国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAPositiveversusNegativeReferenceGroupsReferencegroupsmayexerteitherapositiveornegativeinfluenceonconsumptionbehaviorsAvoidancegroups(回避群体):motivationtodistanceoneselffromotherpeople/groupsMarketersshowadswithundesirablepeopleusingcompetitor’sproductAntibrandcommunities(反品牌社区)(coalesce(联合)aroundacelebrity(名人),store,orbrand—butinthiscasethey’reunitedbytheirdisdainforit国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINA国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAConsumersDoItinGroups群体中的消费行为Deindividuation(去个性化):individualidentitiesbecomesubmergedwithinagroupExample:bingedrinkingatcollegepartiesSocialloafing(社会惰性):peopledon’tdevoteasmuchtoataskwhentheircontributionispartofalargergroupExample:wetendtotiplesswheneatingingroupsRiskyshift(风险转移):groupmembersshowagreaterwillingnesstoconsiderriskieralternativesfollowinggroupdiscussionthanifmembersmadtheirowndecisions国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAConsumersDoItinGroups(cont.)Decisionpolarization(决策分化):aftergroupdiscussionofanissue,opinionsbecomemoreextreme(极端)Homeshoppingparties(家庭购物聚会)capitalizeongrouppressuretoboostsales——从众效应Informationalandnormativesocialinfluence国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAConformity(服从)Mostpeopletendtofollowsociety’sexpectationsregardinghowtolook/actFactorsinfluencingconformity:Culturalpressures(文化压力)Fearofdeviance(对异常的恐惧)Commitmenttogroupmembership(对群体成员的承诺)Groupunanimity,size,expertise(群体一致性、规模和专长)Susceptibilitytointerpersonalinfluence(对人际关系的感受)国际工商管理学院MARKETINGMANAGEMENTINCHINAWord-of-MouthCommunication口碑沟通WOM:productinfor
本文标题:消费者行为学1208
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