基于组织者视角的虚拟企业绩效评价研究

论文题目：基于组织者视角的虚拟企业绩效评价研究专业：管理科学与工程硕士生：王红娟（签名）指导教师：钱敏（签名）摘要当今市场的快速变化对企业提出了新的要求。传统企业业务流程全面、生产规模大，但在物流、资金、品牌知名度、生产敏捷性等方面能力的不足，有时无法达到市场的要求，进而抓住市场机遇。虚拟企业是以市场机遇为切入点、由多家企业联合、通过信息网络建立的合作性组织，虚拟企业的成功应用部分地解决了上述问题。但目前运营虚拟企业的失败率较高，究其原因主要是缺乏科学有效的管理机制。科学的绩效评价可以帮助企业及时发现运营中存在的问题，但由于虚拟企业的特殊性，其绩效评价对象、评价指标都跟传统企业有差别，因此本文设计了一个适用于虚拟企业的绩效评价模型，以期解决此问题。首先，本文在研究虚拟企业和企业绩效评价相关理论的基础上，认为虚拟企业绩效评价应以虚拟企业的项目为评价单位，将虚拟的整体绩效和成员企业的个体绩效结合；并根据虚拟企业项目的执行过程，设计出组织者模式下虚拟企业绩效评价流程模型；虚拟企业绩效评价的重点，除了传统的财务管理、客户管理、战略管理、内部流程管理方面，还应包括关系管理和知识管理；通过虚拟绩效评价重点的研究，总结出虚拟企业的绩效影响因素包括可靠地提供优质产品等七个方面。其次，给出了虚拟企业绩效评价的方法和步骤，用改进的平衡计分卡法设计了6个一级指标和32个二级指标，并用AHP法计算权重。再次，文章以小天鹅公司为例，分析了小天鹅虚拟企业的构成并对其进行绩效评价，验证了该方法的可行性。本文将有利于组织者类型的虚拟企业及时掌握虚拟企业整体绩效，及时发现问题和企业内外部条件的变化，进而更好地制订今后的经营计划，充分发挥伙伴企业各方优势，最大限度地整合资源，以取得最佳的经济效益，达到虚拟企业的经营目标。关键词：虚拟企业；绩效评价；平衡计分卡；AHP研究类型：应用研究Subject:ResearchonPerformanceAppraisalofVirtualEnterprisesBasedonOrganizers’visualangleSpecialty:ManagementScienceandEngineeringName:WangHongJuan(Signature)Instructor:QianMin(Signature)ABSTRACTRapidchangesofmarketdemandfornewrequirementstoenterprises.Sometimesasingleenterprisecan'tmeettherequirementandseizetheopportunityofthemarketduetotherestrictionontechnology,equipment,logistics,capital,brandawarenessetc.Thevirtualenterpriseiswhichwiththemarketopportunitiesasthebreakthroughpoint,anumberofjointenterprisescontributetocoreability,establishthecooperativeorganizationthroughinformationnetwork.Thesuccessfulapplicationsinthevirtualenterprisehavepartiallysolvedtheproblems.Butatpresentvirtualenterprisesstillkeepahigherfailurerate,themainreasonisthelackofscientificandeffectivemanagementmechanism.Thescientificperformanceevaluationisanimportantpartoftheefficientmanagementinvirtualenterprises,cantimelydetecttheproblemsexistinginoperation.Duetotheparticularityofvirtualenterprise,theperformanceevaluationobject,evaluationprocedure,evaluationindexisdifferentwiththetraditionalenterprises;thispaperdesignsaperformanceevaluationmodelforvirtualenterprise,inordertosolvethisproblem.Basedontheresearchesoftherelevanttheoryofvirtualenterpriseandperformanceevaluation,bysummingupthecharacteristicsinvirtualenterprises,thispapercomprehensiveconsiderthecharacteristicsofvirtualenterpriseperformanceevaluationintheorganizermode,designsthevirtualenterpriseperformanceevaluationprocessmodelfromtheorganizerperspective;Analysisofthefocusonthevirtualenterpriseperformanceevaluation,thatinadditiontothetraditionalfinancialmanagement,customermanagement,strategicmanagement,internalmanagementprocess,shouldalsoincludetherelationshipmanagement,knowledgemanagementanddistributionofinterests;Andobtainedtheperformanceinfluencefactorsinvirtualenterprises.Finallythepapergivesthemethodsandstepsaboutvirtualenterpriseperformanceevaluation,design5firstlevelindexesand34secondlevelindexeswiththebalancedscorecard,andcalculatetheweightbyAHPmethod.TaketheLittleSwanCompanyasanexampletoverifythefeasibilityofthemethod.Thispaperwillbehelpfulfortheorganizertypesofvirtualenterprisesgraspthevirtualorganizations’overallperformance,foundproblemstimelyandchangesofinternalandexternalconditions,andenactthefuturebusinessplansproperly,playpartnerenterprises’advantagesadequately,integratetheresourcestomaximization,obtainfirst-rateeconomicbenefits,andachievethevirtualenterprise'soperationobjectives.Keywords:VirtualEnterprises;PerformanceAppraisal;BalancedScorecard;AHPThesis:AppliedResearch目录目录1绪论........................................................................................................................................11.1选题背景与研究意义....................................................................................................11.1.1选题背景.................................................................................................................11.1.2研究意义.................................................................................................................21.2国内外研究现状............................................................................................................31.2.1国外研究现状.........................................................................................................31.2.2国内研究现状.........................................................................................................51.3研究方法........................................................................................................................71.4研究内容和框架............................................................................................................72虚拟企业和企业绩效评价理论综述....................................................................................92.1虚拟企业概述................................................................................................................92.1.1虚拟企业的概念和特征.........................................................................................92.1.2虚拟企业组织运行的平台...................................................................................112.1.3虚拟企业的优势...................................................................................................112.1.4虚拟企业的