金融消费者知情权的私法保护

中图分类号：密级：UDC：本校编号：10652硕士学位论文论文题目：金融消费者知情权的私法保护、研究生姓名：张颖学号：20110301050358校内指导教师姓名：汪世虎职称：教授校外指导教师姓名：职务职称：申请学位等级：硕士学科：专业：民商法论文提交日期：论文答辩日期：论文独创性的声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下开展研究工作取得的成果；尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得西南政法大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料；对于与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献，均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。学位论文作者签名:签字日期:年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解西南政法大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。即：学校有权保留所送交的论文，允许论文被查阅和借阅，可以公布论文内容，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存论文，可以向有关部门和机构送交论文的纸质复印件和电子版本。(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书)学位论文作者签名:导师签名:签字日期：年月日签字日期：年月日硕士学位论文金融消费者知情权的私法保护TheprotectionofprivatelawoftherighttoknowofFinancialconsumer作者姓名：张颖指导教师：汪世虎西南政法大学SouthwestUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw1内容摘要金融消费者是伴随着金融业的发展而产生的一个概念，我国尚无成文法界定“金融消费者”的概念，学界对“金融消费者”概念的界定，亦是众说纷纭、莫衷一是。金融消费者与普通消费者同属于消费者，但二者在消费对象、获取商品信息的难易程度、消费的风险性上存在差别，正是因为这些差别导致知情权的保护方式不同。金融消费者自身专业知识的欠缺以及金融经营者的趋利性，导致金融消费者在了解其所购金融商品的相关信息时存在着一定的困难。金融商品的特殊性决定了金融消费者知情权的内涵和外延不同于普通消费者的知情权。金融消费者的知情权包括公平自由获取相关信息的权利、准确获取相关信息的权利、及时获取相关信息的权利、充分获取相关信息的权利。公法通常是通过加强金融监管以规范金融经营者的行为进而保护金融消费者的合法权益，但此种保护方式为间接保护，消费者在权益受到损害时无法直接援引这些规则获得相应的赔偿，金融消费者的权益无法得到直接的保护。金融消费中金融经营者与金融消费者之间实质上形成的是一种契约关系，通过私法进行保护更符合金融交易的本质。本文所指的私法保护，是指通过对金融经营者科以特别私法义务，给予金融消费者特别私法权利，以及在金融经营者未履行或未完全履行其应尽的义务而损害金融消费者合法权益时应承担的民事责任。金融消费者知情权的实现需要金融经营者履行相关义务，其义务包括：遵守适当性原则，要求金融经营者在向金融消费者销售金融商品时都要以了解金融消费者为前提；说明义务，金融消费者专业知识的欠缺以及时间、精力的有限性，造成金融消费者需要依赖金融经营者的说明来了解金融商品，所以金融消费者及时、准确、全面的了解金融商品及相关信息的权利的实现依赖于金融经营者说明义务的履行；劝告义务，金融消费者专业知识的欠缺致使其无法理性的判断的相关信息，此时就需要金融经营者根据其所了解的信息做出适当的劝告，这样金融消费者的知情权才会得到保障；风险预告义务，风险预告义务是对金融经营者说明义务的一种强化，金融商品具有风险性的特点，这要求金融经营者在履行说明义务的同时还应当履行风险预告义务。义务的履行还需责任来保障，而我国对金融经营者责任的规定集中在刑事责任和行政责任，对民事责任的规定较少，造成2金融消费者维权的困难。为保护金融消费者知情权的实现，应完善我国金融经营者民事责任的规定，主要应当从以下三个方面完善：完善立法规定；完善赔偿范围的规定；完善举证责任的规定。关键词：金融消费者知情权；金融经营者的义务；民事责任1AbstractFinancialconsumerisaconceptarisingforthefinancialdevelopment，buttherearenowrittenlawdefine“financialconsumer”inourcountry,andtherearedivergentviewsaboutthedefinitionof“financialconsumer”inacademicworld.Bothfinancialconsumersandordinaryconsumersbelongtotheconsumer,buttherearedifferentintheconsumerobject,theeaseofaccesstoproductinformationandrisk,thesedifferencesleadtothedifferentwaystoprotecttherighttoknow.Becauseofthelackofspecializedknowledgeandpursuinginterestoffinancialmanagers,itisbecomingharderandharderforfinancialconsumertogetknowtheinformationoftheproductwhichtheypurchased.Theparticularityoffinancialproductdeterminestheconsumer'srighttoknowthefinancialconnotationanddenotationdifferentfromordinaryconsumers'righttoknow.Financialconsumer'srighttoknow,includingtherighttoaccesstorelevantinformationfreelyandfairly,therightofaccesstorelevantinformationaccurately,therighttoaccesstorelevantinformationtimely,therighttoaccesstofullyrelevantinformation.Usuallypubliclawnormsprotectthelegitimateinterestsoffinancialconsumersbystrengthenfinancialregulation,butsuchprotectionisanindirectwayofprotectingconsumerinterests,whenfinancialconsumersinterestareharmedbyfinancialmanagerstheycouldnotobtainappropriatecompensation,theinterestsofconsumerscannotreceivedirectfinancialprotection.Financeconsumptionsubstantiallyformedbetweenfinancialmanagersandfinancialconsumersisacontractualrelationship,protectedbyprivatelawaremoreinlinewiththenatureoffinancialtransactions.Protectionofprivatelawreferredtoherein,includingthefinancialmanagers’specialprivatelawobligations,privatelawrightsofconsumers,especiallygiventhefinancialconsumertherighttoclaimcompensationwhenthefinancialmanagerfailstoperformorfulfillitsobligationsentirelylegitimateinterests.Theprotectionoftherighttoknowoffinancialconsumersaskthefinancialmanagerstofulfillitsobligations,including:dutytocomplywiththesuitabilityObligation;dutytoadvice,whenfinancialmanangerssellsfinanceproduct,managers2shouldreferenceconsumersknowledge,experience,andtheothers’information;dutytoexplain,forthelackoffinancialknowledgeandthelimitationoftime,consumerswillrelyonmanagersexplanationoffinanceproducttoknowtheexactlyinformationofproduct;dutytoforeshowtheriskofproduct,thisdutyisthestrengthenoftheobligationofexplainofthemanager,thenatureofthefinancialproductrequiresfinancialmanagertoforeshowconsumertheriskofproduct.Theresponsibilityfocusonthecriminalandadministrativeresponsibility，whilethecivilliabilityprovisionsarehardlyappearonlawsandNormativedocuments.Toprotecttheconsumer'srighttoknowthefinancialimplementationshouldimprovethecivilliabilityprovisionsofthefinancialmanagers,mainlyfromthefollowingthreeaspects:perfectlegislation;explicitthecompensationranges;improvementoftheburdenofproof.Keywords:Thefinancialconsumersrightstoknow;Thefinancialmanagers’obligation;Civilliability1目录引言„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1一、金融消费者知情权的特殊性分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2（一）金融消费者的界定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2（二）金融消费者知情权的分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7（三）私法理念与金融消费的契合性分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9二、金融消费者知情权的权利范围„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10（一）公平获取信息的权利„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10（二）准确获取信息的权利„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11（三）充分获取信息的权利„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„12（四）及时获取相关信息的权利„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13三、金融经营者的私法义务„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13（一）遵守适当性原则的要求„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„14（二）说明义务„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„17（三）劝告义务„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„