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第三章词语翻译3.1商务英语词语翻译的注意事项•3.1.1掌握确切词义•eg.agency•Toseekhelpfromadictionary:•(1)abusinessorplaceofbusinessprovidinga(ususpecified)service经销处,代理行•(2)espAmEadepartmentofagovernmentorofaninternationalbodyeg.agency•anemploymentagency•职业介绍所•anadvertisingagency•广告公司•newsagency•通讯社•Governmentagencies•政府机构•3.1.2一词多义•英语词汇:游移(vacillant,context-dependent)、灵活(flexible),常依据搭配和上下文而变化;且英语的词义范围很容易扩大,英语词汇容易获得新义。•汉语词汇:精确、固定,对上下文依赖性较小,且词义相对稳定,不易发生变化。Example:cover•1.Ourbusinessactivitiescoverawiderangeofarticles.•我公司经营的产品种类繁多。•2.Theremittancecoversallcommissionsduetoyouuptodate.•汇款包括至今应付的所有佣金。•3.Theserulescoverallcases.•这些规则适用于所有情况。•4.PleaseopenanL/Ctocoverthispurchase.•请开立这笔货款的信用证。•5.Thecompensationwillcoverthewholeloss.•此项赔款足以抵偿全部损失。•6.Breakevenpointisreachedwhensalescoverallcosts.•当销售额能支付所有的费用时,就达到了损益平衡点。•7.Insuranceistobecoveredbythebuyer.•由买方投保。•8.WewishtocovertheconsignmentagainstAllRisksfor110%oftheinvoicevalue.•我们想按发票金额的110%为这批货物投保一切险。•9.Inordertocoverourselvesfortheshipmentwehavedrawnonyouatsight.•为回收货款我们已向贵公司开出即期汇票。•但也有的时候,同一个汉语词汇,在英语里需要用不同的表达。例如:吞吐量,Example:吞吐量•2001年福州港的货物吞吐量位列全国沿海港口第十一位,集装箱吞吐量位列全国沿海港口第十位。•TheturnoverofFuzhouportranked11thamongChinesecoastalportswhileitscontaineroperationwaslistedas10thintheyear2001.•目前港口的通过能力和货物吞吐量均已超过亿吨。2004年宁波港货物吞吐量超过2.2亿吨,同比增长22%。•TheannualhandlingcapacityandthroughputofNingboPorthavebothexceeded100milliontons.In2004,theportsawathroughputof220milliontons,up22%overthepreviousyear.•例一中的吞吐量表示“实际已经完成或预计完成的货物数量”,例二则表示“处理能力”、“通过能力”或“物料通过量”之意。表示前者常用turnover,operation,volume,traffic,而后者可用capacity,designedcapacity,normalcapacity,handlingcapacity,throughoutcapacity等。有时还可以通过使用动词如handle,process等进行翻译。•2003年营口港吞吐量为4009万吨,其中集装箱40万标箱。•In2003PortofYingkouprocessed40.09milliontonsofcargo,including400,000TEUofcontainerizedcargo.•注释:TEU是英文Twenty-footEquivalentUnit的缩写。是以长度为20英尺的集装箱为国际计量单位,也称国际标准箱单位。•Wemayseekhelpfromnotonlythedictionary,butalsofromtheInternet.•Page19:floating•floatingpolicy(统保单,总保险单,预约保单)()•Insurancecoverforsituationswherethetotalinsurableamountcanbereasonablyestimatedbutcannotbedeterminedaccurately-enoughforcomputingcorrectpremium,untiltheinsurancepolicycomestoanend.Forexample,atraderwilltakeafloatingpolicyonasumestimatedtobelargeenoughtocovershipmentsduringaperiod(say,oneyear)andpayspremiumaccordingly.Astheshipmentsaresentout,theinsurerisinformedandthevalueofthoseshipmentsisdeductedfromtheinsuredsum.Thisprocedureisrepeateduntiltheinsuredsumisalmostexhausted.Theinsurerthenre-computesthepremiumaccordingtothetotalvalueofthealready-sentshipments,andadjustsitagainstthepremiumpaidbythetrader.Atthisstagethetradertakesanotherfloatingpolicyandwholeprocessstartsoveragain.Example3•Since1999Egypthasplungedintoaneconomiccrisisandbeenshortofforeigncurrency,thereforethegovernmentcannotsticktotheformerexchangerateofEgyptianPound.SinceJanuarythisyear,Egyptstartedtoadoptfloatingratepolicy.•自1999年以来,埃及经济陷入危机,外汇短缺,政府无法坚守埃镑的原汇率,从今年1月起,埃及开始实行浮动汇率制。Example4•《华尔街词典》(原著R.L.Shook)•中文版(中国商业出版社,2002年)“填补了国内证券类专业词典出版的一项空白”•Floatationcost:原译:流动成本??•theexpenseinvolvedinissuinganewsecurity.Normally,thefloatationcostsarehigherforstocksthanforbondsbecausedistributioniswiderandcommonstocksaregenerallymorevolatile(ofaquicklychanging,undependablenature).•改译:发行成本Otherexamples-1•Wereceivedadvicethatthegoodshadbeendispatched.•Oxford:(espcommerce)formalnotegivinginformationaboutatransaction,etc.•我们收到了关于货物已发出的通知。Otherexamples-2•D/P:DocumentsAgainstPayment•付款交单•against意为“凭…为条件,以…为前提”•Peoplemusthavetheirmoneydepositedinbanksbeforetheycandrawchecksagainstit.凭,用•(*没学过商业概论的同学可以借商贸方向上学期的书和材料看看)Otherexamples-3•1.Beneficiary受益人(即出口商),不是“收益人。•2.Payee收款人,而付款人应该用“drawee”。•3.Shipper为托运人。提单的抬头一栏常有这样几个字:toorderofshipper即:“凭托运人(发货人)指示”。这里的托运人指的是货主(出口商)。•4.Discrepancy指单证中的“不符点”。•5.Holderinduecourse正当持票人,它与bona-fideholder属于同一种意思,都是“善意持票人”。Otherexamples-4•Groupworkafterclass(4-5人一组)•含术语的句子.doc•1.Everygroupwillsubmitonecopynextweekbeforeclass.Writeallthenamesofyourgroupmembersonthepaper.I’llgiveamarktoeachgroup.•2.Therewillalsobeanoralcontestamongthe6-8groupsnextweek.3.1.3词语意义的感情色彩•Page20•注释:underwriter(UW;U/W)核保人;承保人:指保险公司内决定承保与否和进行风险选择的专业人员。•1.Appreciatethetranslationof“sympathetic”&“donotsucceed”.•2.Anyimprovementforthetwosentences?3.1.4词语使用的语体•eg.WearedelightedtoknowthatyoudealwithexportofChinesechinaware.Couldyousupplyus300setsoftablewareforshipmentbeforetheendofMay?•欣悉贵方是中国陶瓷器出口商。请问能否为我方供应300套餐具?希五月底前交货。3.1.5表达方式的调整•eg.Ifyourpricesareinline,wetrustbusinesscanmaterialize.•如果你们的价格合适,我们相信可以成交。3.1.6简洁达意•Owingtothelastsummer’sexceptionallycoolclimateweweresooverloadedwithenormousstockthatwewereunabletokeeptheminstockandwebelievethatyouwillappreciateourpositionwhenwearefloodedwithsummeritems.•由于去年夏天特别凉爽,致使本公司夏令产品严重过剩、库存大量积压,相信贵方一定能够理解我方处境。常用工具书•1.《国际商务英语大词典》(主编:冯祥春),中国对外经济贸易出版社•2.《牛津英语百科分类词典》(会计、商务、经济学、金融与银行),上海外语教育出版社•3.《英汉大词典》(陆谷孙等),上海译文出版社•4.《新英汉词典》,上海译文出版社•5.牛津、朗文等双解辞典•6.Internet(eg.Google)3.2英汉词语在表达上的差异•英语词汇:游移(vacillant)、灵活(flexible),常依据搭配和上下文而变化;•汉语词汇:精确、固定,对上下文依赖性较小语域register•英语:hyper-formal——formal——nor
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