癌症与营养presentation

Whatismytopictalkabout？Walkthroughthebasicsofnutrition,howeatingdisordersdevelop,andlearnthebenefitsofvariousdiets.CONTENTSTheCancerFoodandCancerHealthfulNutritionBasicNutritionPartBasicNutritiononeTypesofNutrients•Macro-Nutrients–essentialforhumansurvivalandgrowth–Carbohydrates（糖类）–Proteins（蛋白质）–Fats–Water•Micro-Nutrients–essentialforgrowthandenhancethefunctionandusabilityofmacro-nutrients–Vitamins–Minerals（矿物质）Thedifferencebetweenmacroandmicronutrientsistheamountyourneedeachday.Macro-nutrientsmustexceedonegramperday.Carbohydrates•Provideenergyforyourbodybyconvertingtoglucose.Threetypesofcarbohydrates:1.Simple–oneortwounitsofsugar2.Complex–morethantwounitsofsugar3.Dietaryfiber–complexcarbohydratesthatarenotasourceofenergyandaddnocaloriestoyourdiet.•Protectyourmuscles.•Regulatetheamountofsugarcirculatinginyourbody.•Assistinthebody’sabsorptionofcalcium.•Mayhelplowercholesterollevelsandregulatebloodpressure.Proteins•Usedfortissuegrowthandrepair.TwotypesofProteins:1.CompleteProteins–containsufficientamountsofallessentialaminoacids.2.IncompleteProteins–missingordonothaveenoughessentialaminoacids.•AminoAcidsarethebuildingblocksforprotein(20differenttypes).•Withinsixmonths,everyproteinmoleculeinyourbodyisbrokendownandreplaced.•Themoreintenselyyoutrain,themoreproteinisrequiredforrepairandgrowth.•Consumingmoreproteinthanthebodyneedscanresultinanincreaseinfatstorage.Fats•Ahealthybodyneedsfat.MajorusesforFAT1.Providesasourceofstoredfat.2.Givesshapetoyourbody.3.Cushionsyourskin.4.Actsasaninsulatorinordertoreduceheatloss.5.Protectsyourorgansifyoufallorareinjured.VitaminsandMinerals•Vitaminsandmineralsactasregulatorsandcatalystsforavarietyofbodilyfunctions.•Vitaminsareessentialfor:–Buildingbodytissuessuchasbones,skin,glands,nerves,andblood.–Assistinginthemetabolizingofproteins,fats,andcarbohydratessoyoureceiveenergyfromfood.–Promotinghealing–Preventingnutritionaldeficiencydiseases.•Mineralsareessentialfor:–Theformationofstrongbonesandteeth–Helpingtocontrolthenervoussystem–Fluidbalanceintissues–Musclecontractions•Mineralsandmostvitaminsmustbesuppliedthroughdietsincetheyarenotmadeinthebody.Water•Youroverallbodyisbetween70-80%water.•Yourmusclesareabout75%water•Yourbodyneedswaterto:–Digestfood–Carrywasteproductsoutofyourbody–Regulatebodytemperature–Lubricatemovingparts•Yourbodydoesnotstorewatersoyoumusttakeinanewsupplyeveryday.•TheNationalResearchCouncil’sFoodandNutritionBoardrecommendsonemilliliter(ml)ofwaterforeachcaloriesoffoodweconsume.PartTheCancerTwoCancer•Thetermcancerincludesagroupofneoplasticdiseasesinwhichthereisachangeofnormalbodycellsintomalignantones•Thismostlikelyinvolvessomechangeinthepersons’geneticmaterial(DNA/RNA)•Thesechangedcellspassonthis“incorrect”informationtotheiroffspringandgrowinanstrangeanddestructivewayCurrentAdviceWeknowthatdietandnutritionplayaroleindeterminingcancerrisk.–However,theevidencebeyondthatisunclear.–DietrelatedresearchisverydifficulttoconductwiththemultiplerelationshipsanddifferencesinindividualbehaviorsCurrentAdvice•Westilldonotknowwhattoeattodecreaseourriskofcancer–Healthyeating,followingEatingWellwithCanada’sFoodGuidewillprovidemanyhealthbenefits.–However,eliminatingoraddingspecificfoodswillunlikelyhaveasubstantialimpactoncancerdeaths.PartFoodandCancerThreeHowareFoodandCancerRelated?•Effectsofthecanceritself—Justbyhavingcanceryouhavehighernutritionalneeds•Effectsoftreatment—SideeffectsoftreatmentTheseinclude:nausea,vomiting,tastechange,drymouth,thicksaliva,poorappetite,wasting,diarrhea,constipationAretherefoodsthatcausecancer?saltedfish（咸鱼）咸鱼产生的二甲基亚硝酸盐，在体内可以转化为致癌物质二甲基亚硝酸胺。虾酱、咸蛋、咸菜、腊肠、火腿、熏猪肉同样含有致癌物质，应尽量少吃Barbecue（烧烤）烤牛肉、烤鸭、烤羊肉、烤鹅、烤乳猪、烤羊肉串等，因含有强致癌物不宜多吃。Aretherefoodsthatcausecancer?Ham+Sourmilkbeverage（火腿+乳酸饮料）三明治中的火腿、培根等和乳酸饮料一起食用易致癌。为了保存肉制品，食品制造商会添加硝酸盐来防止食物腐败及肉毒杆菌生长。当硝酸盐碰上有机酸时，会转变为一种致癌物质亚硝酸胺Areca（槟榔）嚼食槟榔是引起口腔癌的一个因素。Aretherefoodsthatcausecancer?Friedfood（油炸食品）煎炸过焦后，产生致癌物质多环芳烃。咖啡烧焦后，苯并芘会增加20倍。油煎饼、臭豆腐、煎炸芋角、油条等，因多数是使用重复多次的油，高温下会产生致癌物。Fustyfood（霉变食品）米、麦、豆、玉米、花生等食品易受潮霉变，被霉菌污染后会产生致癌毒草素———黄曲霉菌素。Aretherefoodsthatcurecancer?Pumpkin（南瓜）含极丰富的维生素A、维生素C，还含有钙质和纤维素、色氨酸－P等，可预防肥胖、糖尿病、高血压和高胆固醇血症，是预防癌症的好食品。Sweetpotato（红薯）含有较多的胡萝卜素、赖氨酸、植物纤维、去氢表雄酮，能预防肠癌和乳腺癌Aretherefoodsthatcurecancer?Corn（玉米）其营养价值超过面粉、大米，经常食用能预防动脉硬化、心脑血管疾病、癌症、高胆固醇血症、高血压等病。Balsam（苦瓜）苦瓜的抗癌作用是由于它含有一种类奎宁蛋白，能激活免疫细胞的活性，苦瓜种子中含有抑制细胞侵袭、转移的成分。Aretherefoodsthatcurecancer?Garlic（大蒜）实验证实，大蒜素、大蒜辣素对许多癌细胞具有强烈的抑制作用，大蒜素还能阻断在体内合成亚硝胺。大蒜富含硒、锗，锗能激活巨噬细胞的吞噬功能Mushroom（蘑菇）营养丰富，含有人体必需的氨基酸、多种维生素和矿物质，含硒和丰富的维生素D，能增强人体免疫力，有利于预防胃癌和食管癌。PartHealthfulNutritionFourWhatshouldIeatbeforeaworkout?WhatshouldIeatafteraworkout?HowdoIeatout?HealthfulNutritionResultsofPoorNutrition•Obesity•HeartDisease•Hypertension•Diabetes•Osteoporosis•Bonesmaybreakduetoalackofcalcium•GumsmaybleedduetolowVitaminC•LowIroncountWhatshouldIeatbeforeaworkout?Theselasttwotopicsareminordetailsthatwerecommendyoudon’tworryaboutuntilyouhaveallyourothernutritiondecisionscorrect.Ifyouareworriedaboutpreandpost-workoutnutritionandtimingbutyou’restillhavingasliceofbananabreadandsaltinecrackersforlunchthenyou’