英语词性及句子成分

取得英语语法成功的基石复习：词性根据词的特点我们把词划分为名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、冠词等。词类作用例词1.（n.）名词表示人或事物的名称。Iboughtabook.Sheisastudent.2.(pron.）代词代替名词、数词等。Thisismyfriend.Helikesthatbookbecauseitisveryusefultohim.PartsofSpeach3.（adj.）形容词表示人或事物的特征或性状。Heissmallbutheisclever.Theredpenisusefulfortheteacher.Hepaintedthewallwhiteyesterday.4.(num.）数词表示数目或顺序。TherearetenapplesonthetableandIwilltakethefirstone.5.（v.）动词表示动作或状态。WeareworkinghardatEnglish.Iwanttobecomeanengineer.6.（adv.）副词表示动作的特征或性状特征。IlikeEnglishverymuch.Theteachertreatsuskindly.Thetraingoesfast.Heseldomcomestoseeus.7.(prep.）介词表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。HeusuallystayathomeonSundays.8.（conj.）连词连接词与词或句与句的作用。HeandIareinthesameclassandwearegoodfriends.TwoorthreeofuscandancewellbutIcan’t.9.(interj.）感叹词表示强烈的感情Oh!Howbeautifulthesceneis!Whatagoodidea!Goodness!10.（art.）冠词用来限制名词的意义Ihaveapetdog.Thedogisverylovely.Heisanoldmanbutverystrong.1.名词表示人和事物的名称。学校寒假圣诞节城市猫咪书本李白友谊schoolwintervacationChristmascitycatbookLiBaifriendship•专有名词eg:WomeninLove,James,theAlps•普通名词注意：可数名词（cn.）不可数名词（un.）eg:advice,baggage,furniture,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress（名词的数与格）refuseschool/visit/writeartAmerica/musicpaint/build/write/learn/feelact/dicide/solvepure/real/majorrefusalscholar/visitor/writerartistAmerican/musicianpainting/building/writingetc.action/decision/solutionpurity/reality/majoritytreat/move/judge/punish/argue/developkind/tired/darkdeep/long/strong/true/wide/warm/growtreatment/movement/judgment/punishment/argument/developmentkindness/tiredness/darknessdepth/length/strength/width/truth/warmth/growth•2.代词:代替名词等eg:hehisthishimselfwhatwhensomethingetc.人称代词,物主代词,指示代词,反身代词,疑问代词,关系代词,不定代词etc.•3.形容词：表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词eg:beautifulflowerssomethingimportant(goodbetterbest)value/move/rely/comfort/reasonnature/nation/traditionabsence/difference/distance/importanceinterest/disappoint/carevaluable/movable/reliable/comfortable/reasonablenatural/national/traditionalabsent/different/distant/importantinteresting/interested/disappointing/disappointed/caringchild/fool/selfact/create/impressbeauty/care/helpvary/danger/couragehome/breath/harmchildish/foolish/selfishactive/creative/impressivebeautiful/careful/helpfulvarious/dangerous/courageoushomeless/breathless/harmless•4.数词：表示数目多少(基数词)或顺序多少的词(序数词)•eg:two,second•(twice,one-thirdetc.)5.动词:表示动作或者状态eg:run,work,sleep按功能：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词（eg:sleepremainhavecan）按形态:原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词etc.(时态与语态)(eg:dodoesdiddonedoing)时态主动语态一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时willdowoulddodo/doesdidis/am/aredoingwas/weredoinghas/havedonehaddonehas/havebeendoinghadbeendoingwillhavedone时态被动语态一般将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时willbedonewouldbedoneis/am/aredonewas/weredoneis/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewillhavebeendone•6.副词:在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。•eg:alwaysoutsideproperlyveryhow•IlikeEnglishverymuch•注意：adj→adv（一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y）1).直接+lycareless,quiet,different,beautiful,careful,recent2).以—le结尾的形容词去e+yterrible—terriblypossible—possiblycomfortable—comfortablygentle—gentlysimple—simplyreasonable—reasonablyprobable—probably3).以e结尾的wise—wiselynice—nicelypolite—politelyfortunate—fortunatelyclose—closelyimmediate—immediately注意：true—trulydull—dullywhole—whollyfull—fully4).以“y”结尾的,读音为/i/,变“y”为“i+ly”•eg:happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily•读音为/ai/，直接加ly•eg：dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy---shyly•5).以ic结尾的+allyenergetic—energeticallyscientific—scientificallypublic—publicly（例外）•7.介词：词与词、词与句之间的关系•eg:beside，along，across,throughinfrontof•8.连词:连接词与词，短语与短语，句与句•eg:and,but,or,nor,so,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,(and)then•when,where,because•9.感叹词•Wow!Eh..etc.•10.冠词eg:theaan/ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.(2009)Weshouldconsiderthe(important)ofthismatterseriously.choiceimportance★被形容词修饰,用名词★被冠词修饰，用名词Wefeltagreatsenseof(achieve)whenwefinallyenteredthekeyuniversities.achievement★作介词of的宾语，用名词Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir（nature）course.(2008)Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.naturalpleased★用形容词修饰名词★作表语用形容词，表人感到怎样，用-ed形式Havingsportsmakesus(health)andstrong.healthy★作补语用形容词Wedranktogetherandtalked（merry）tillfarintothenight.(2007)Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.(2010)merrilywarmly★修饰动词talked用副词★修饰动词smiled用副词Hemustbe(mental)disabled.(2011)(luck),theherodiedinacaraccidenttwoyearsago.mentallyUnluckily★修饰形容词disabled用副词★修饰后面整个句子用副词Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe__________(sweet).”(2010)Buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”______（high）。(2008)sweeterhigher★否定加比较级等最高级，按句意：没有什么比这更甜的了。★修饰动词grow还是用副词，按句意：的确长得更高了。Aftertheearthquakemanypeoplebecome________(home).Itis(legal)tobreakintootherpeople’shousesandstealthings.homelessillegal★系动词后用形容词，按句意：地震后很多人变得无家可归。★系动词后用形容词，按句意：闯进别人家偷东西是违法的。组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。句子成分一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______。1.Lucy