最新高中总目考点-12时态表格

明确谓语与非谓语动词形式的区别一谓语动词（主要在于构成和功能上）谓语动词功能担当句子谓语，我们常见的动词时态就是谓语动词位于主语之后，构成句子的主要部分，最基本的部分，不可缺少的。表一谓语动词的主动语态动作发生的时间一般式完成式进行式完成进行式现在时间动词原形/动词后或者加s或者eshave\has+过去分词am\is\are+动词ingHave\hasbeen+动词ing过去时间动词过去式had+过去分词was\were+动词ing将来时间Shall\will+动词原形Begoingto+动原（am／is／are）Shall\will+have+DoneBegoingtohave+done（am／is／are）Shall\will+be+doingbegoingto+be+doing过去将来时间Should\would+动词原形Begoingto+动原（was／were）例：Should\would+write备注：时态就是在不同时间里动词的变态形式（关键词：时间，动词，变）读懂句子的方法：（方法：成分法，成分口诀：主谓宾紧相连，定状补跟后面）1.第一步：找主语（句中主要的人、事、物，一般在句首，句子要“以人为本”）2.第二步：找谓语（主语发出的动作或者承受的动作）3.第三步：找宾语（谓语的对象）4.第四步：最后把定状补填上去。掌握谓语动词的秘诀掌握关键概念（一），时间——在语言上主观地划分为三种：现在，过去，将来。时间是指英文中动词的时间，动词表达的动作。动词还表达了一种状态。（二），动词的状态动词的状态——在英语中有三种：进行的，完成的，其余的都叫“一般状态”。所谓的“时态”其实就是一个长期错误的叫法，应该说成“时间和状态”就容易理解了。谓语动词具体使用绝招：（时态转变二步曲）使用英文动词，第一步是确定是什么时间Why：（原因）（动词确定状态或者变态的标志语哦。O(∩_∩)O~）第二步：确定状态（比如：“昨天，下雨了。”这个句子，动作发生时间是昨天，（标志语）所以用“过去时”。1，那么过去时在英文中怎么实现呢？就是把动词换成“过去式”！所以下雨的动作就从原形rain变成rained（过去式），动词完成变态过程，成了过去时态。（过去时间,谓语动词变态，充当句子谓语）Itrainedyesterday.2.举一反三：类似地，如果说：“明天，要下雨！”那就显然是“将来时”。英文中实现“将来时”的方法非常简单，就是动词前加上will或者shall，Itwillraintomorrow.时态练习1.Look,he(sing).2.Jack______(mend)hisbikeyesterday3.What______you_______（do）atteno'clockyesterday﹖—I_______（studay）inclass．4.ThistimeyesterdayJack______(mend)hisbike.5.Itwassix.TheGreens______(have)supper.6.Itissix.TheGreens______(have)supper.7.Whilemymother______(watch)TV,I______(make)akite.8.Thatricholdman_____(make)awillbeforehe(die).9.Shetoldmeshe_______(be)toSanyathreetimes.10.She_______(be)toSanyathreetimes.11.I（be）toBeijingbefore.12.Hesaid（be）toBeijingbefore.13.Weweresurprisedatwhatshealready(.do)14.Wearesurprisedatwhatshealready(.do)15.She(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe_______(be)therebefore.16.He(nottell)youthenewsyet17.Hesaid(nottell)youthenewsyet.18.They(finish)theworknextweek.Theysaidthey(finish)theworknextweek.19.Tomoften(go)toschoolbybike.20.Tomoften(go)toschoolbybikelastyear.21.It’sseven,they(swim).22.Theysaidthey(swim)atsevenlastnight.23.Theoldmanisill.----He______(mustsend)tothehospital.24.Theoldmanisill.-----Somepeople______(mustsend)himtothehospital.25.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.26.I____________(clean)theroomeveryday.27.Shetoldhimthatshe______(notstay)hereforlong.28.She______(notstay)hereforlong.表二谓语动词的被动语态（主要体现在be的变化）时式一般式进行式完成式现在时am\is\are+过去分词例：am\is\arewrittenam\is\are+being+过去分词例：am\is\arebeingwrittenHas\have+been+过去分词例：has\havebeenwritten过去时was\were+过去分词例：was\werewrittenWas\were+being+过去分词例：Was\werebeingwrittenhad+been+过去分词例：hadbeenwritten将来时shall\will+be+过去分词例：shall\willbewritten过去将来时should\wouldbe+过去分词例：should\wouldbewritten备注：（生be不同，不同时态的被动语态主要体现在be动词的变化上，学会分辨be的时态变化，过去分词体现被动），最基本的形式：be+过去分词判断谓语动词具体形式的方法：1.看时间-----定谓语动词时态2.看主语----定谓语动词的单复数和语态1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge____________（build）intwomonths．They____________（build）thelongbridgeintwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting___________（discuss）now．We____________（discuss）wheretohavethemeetingnow．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．They_____________（notfind）thelostboysofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．4二非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词特点：（一）不做谓语（二）看谓语的脸色行事：（判断方法）1找逻辑主语：决定非谓语动词的语态2以谓语动词发生的时间为参照物决定非谓语动词发生先后性3根据上下文和成分具体选择形式todo(在谓语后面发生→后时性主动目的)doing（和谓语同时发生→同时性主动伴随）done(动作在谓语前面发生→先时性被动)和逻辑主语的关系主动语态被动语态不定式（强调还没有发生或者将要发生）一般式To+动词原形To+be+done（过去分词）Ving（强调进行）一般式DoingBeing+过去分词过去分词Taken(含有被动的意思)备注：非谓语动词的否定式一律在他们前面加not.nottodo,Notdoing,notdone三、明确谓语动词的否定与非谓语动词否定的区别谓语动词非谓语动词Hedoesn’tlikemaths.Sheisn’tcomingtomorrow.Theyhaven’tdonetheexperiment.Theenginewon’tstart.Youmustn’tleavethingseverywhere.Hedidn’tplaybasketballyesterday.Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.Hetoldmenottoopenthewindow.Notwelldesigned,thebridgecollapsedsoonafteritwascompleted.Hisnotcomingontimeletmedown.备注：谓语借助be，情态动词或者助动词+not来实现其否定形式。非谓语动词借助于not来实现其否定形式。例1、Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool____abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent例2、Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_________inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted例3、_____lateinthemorning，heturnedoffthealarm.5A.TosleepB.SleepingCbeingsleptDtobesept四、明确主语与逻辑主语的区别主语（决定谓语的语态）逻辑主语（决定非谓语语态）ThetableismadeinChina.Hecan’tjumpthathigh.Thetallerofthetwoboysisabsent.Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Whathesaidwasrightthen.ItissaidthathewillvisitChina.备注：明确主语：谓语动词的主语就叫明确主语。1，It’simportantforyouIt形式主语you逻辑主语（动作实际发出者）tomasteraforeginlanguage.真正主语2，Itwascarelessofustoforgettolockthedoor.3，Hetoldmetoleaveatonce.主语逻辑主语（leave的实际发出者）4，Hisleavingisagreatloss.5，Doyoumindme(my)smokinghere?6，Thetreesplantedlastyeargrow逻辑主语trees，是非谓语动词plant的被动承受者备注：逻辑主语就是非谓语动词的实际动作发出者或者承受者（一般表被动意义）()1.Haveyoudecided________________?A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowithC.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo()2.Herhope_______agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin()3..Themeetingroomisbigenough______onehundredpeople.A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds()4.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_________________?A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelonC.cuttingthewate