初三英语定语从句用法详解及练习

定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词，即：名词或代词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分，关系代词可作主语或宾语（可省），whose作定语；关系副词作状语。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.先行词指人时，常用that,who，whom（只作宾语）；先行词指物时，常用that,which1)Thegirlwho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who/that作主语)2)Whoistheteacher(who/whom/that)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(who/whom/that作宾语)3)Marylikesmusicthat/whichisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that/which作主语)4)Thecoat(that/which)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that/which作宾语)5)HaveyoueverreadabookwhosenameisTreasureIsland?(whose作定语)6)Doyouknowthepersonwhosehairislong?(whose作定语)注意:1.介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。2.关系词只能用that的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。It’sthemostbeautifulschoolthatIhaveeverseen.b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时或被little,few等不定代词修饰时Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等词修饰时ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人和物时IcanrememberthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用thatWhoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是therebe结构ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。3.关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.引导非限制性定语从句(即主句和从句间有逗号分开,用which,指人也可用whoTomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。4.关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。注：以上when/where=at/in/onwhich(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。注：以上why=forwhich关系副词=介词at/on/in/for+which,即看从句动词是vt.(选择关系代词)还是vi（选择关系副词）.I.单项填空。1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.inwhichweliveC.whichweliveinD.welivein11.Theyaretalkingabouttheaccidentandpeople___happenedandwerehurtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what12.Isthereanything___youwanttobuyintheshop?A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whatⅡ.用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?1.他总是第一个到校的学生。Heis_________________________.2.这就是我三年未曾见的朋友们。__________________________.(see)3.请把书还给我，我已经借了一个多星期了。Pleasegive____________________________________________________