2014年九年级英语人教版被动语态语法总结及练习

被动语态1被动语态的构成现在时态一般现在时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时情态动词谓语动词构成amis+p.p.areamis+being+p.p.arewill+be+p.p.amis+goingto+be+p.p.arehave(has)+been+p.p.情态动词+be+p.p过去时态一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时谓语动词构成was+p.p.werewas+being+p.p.werewould+be+p.p.was+goingto+be+p.p.werehad+been+p.p.(1)被动语态的用法：①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Amanwaskilledintheaccident./Thiswindowwasbrokenyesterday.②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Riceisalsogrowninthisplace.Arailroadwillbebuilthereinthreeyears.③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：ItwaswrittenbyLuXun.Apetdogisneverkilledbyitsowner注意点：①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语：Histeachergavehimadictionary.→Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisteacher..→Adictionarywasgivento．．himbyhisteacher.Hisfathermadehimakite.→Akitewasmadefor．．．himbyhisfather.②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.→Thepoormanwasmadeto．．work12hoursaday③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。Thegirltakesgoodcareof．．herlittlebrother.→Thegirl’slittlebrotheristakengoodcareof．．byher.④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。Heispleased/worried/tired/…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)Hewashit/knockeddown/told/shot/…….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。一感（feel）二听（hear,listento）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）例如：Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.--Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom（bytheteacher）.Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.--Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.2).短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。：MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.3).表示据说或相信的词组，基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成。Itissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家认为Itissuggestedthat…据建议Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是4).不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear,diedisappear,end（vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等没有无被动语态（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（对）Thepricehasrisen.（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（错）Thepricehasraised.（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（错）Pleaseseat.（对）Pleasebeseated.（错）WatchingTVisenjoyedbymymother.（对）MymotherenjoyswatchingTV.（错）Ameetingwillbehadbyus.（对）Wewillhaveameeting.易错点一主动结构表示被动意义1open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.Thiskindofshirtssellwellhere.2look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Schooluniformslookgoodonus.Thecakesmellsdelicious.3want/need/require+doing=want/need/repair+tobedonetobedone表示不定式的被动形式。Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.每五天浇花二被动语态与系表结构的区别Thisshopisclosedatnineo’clock.(表示动作)Thisshopisclosedtoday.(表示状态)Thisshopis_________(open)at8inthemorning.小练习一、选择题()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?10.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.11.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.12.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.13.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.中考演练【2014江苏无锡】—LifegetseasierwiththeInternet.—That’strue!Almosteverything____bedoneonline.A.canB.needC.mustD.should【2014湖北咸宁】—Foodsafetyisveryimportant.—Sosomerules______tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.A．mustmakeB．mustbemadeC．mustmadeD．bemade【2014江苏盐城】68.Scientistsareworkinghardtomakethedream_______(come)true.【2014淮安1】Las