ICAO-必过!

老哥，由于真的不知道你们直升机的ICAO考试内容是否和我们相同，就按我们那个来给你整理点资料，你看一下，希望能对你考试有所帮助~这段时间，游戏少玩点，多占用你点时间。得多听，多说，熟练地口语不是闭着嘴就能练出来的。那个陆空对话，你可以多听一下，然后自己复诵；如果看不进书，就看美剧片，感觉人家那个日常说的，能用的到的口语，就给拿个小本子记下来，多说两遍，模仿人家那个语气、语速、断句等等；要是能去酒吧碰个外国朋友~请人家喝杯酒，死皮赖脸的跟人家说就行了，真的！学语言，必须不能要脸！考试的时候语速不必太快，说的慢点，给自己留点想下一句该说什么的余地，毕竟说慢了考官不会怪你，你要是啊啊额额的说不出来，那就显得你语言能力很差，给你减分。还有我那天电话里给你说的，一个漂亮的开头，一个漂亮的自我介绍，可以让你在其它一起考试的人里占大优势，简短、表明自己的信心、且略带谦逊，真的会让考官们眼前一亮！其实这个ICAO，前三部分真的得自己下功夫！主要就是考的你语言能力，因为考官本身也不一定都是专业的飞行员，所以有一定的专业知识，英语好点就差不多可以当考官。毕竟是语言能力考试。所以所有过程中的个人觉得第四部分OPI是可以外力帮助，让你进步更快，下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI（oralproficiencyinterview）OPI包含5个部分：1warmup2levelcheck3probe4picturedescribe5wrapup一）vocabulary(最后附有各个系统专业词汇)对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳三个应答机特殊编码：编码自己查不便说。从小到大分别是hijack,radiofailure,distressconditionsPANPAN和MAYDAY的区别：PANPAN：needassistancetimelyurgencysituationMAYDAY：needassistanceimmediatelydistresssituation乘务员flight/cabinattendant驾驶舱职权梯度cockpitauthoritygradient机库hangar接通/断开自驾engage/disengageAP地形terrain人因humanfactors活物牲畜livestock绕飞detour界面交界处interface修改modifyamend试车enginerunup烂泥slush减速妨碍retard积累accumulation湿度humidity降雨量precipitation气喘asthma腹泻diarrhea调度签派dispatch信号员marshaller开往驶往Boundfor放油fueldumpjettison预期anticipate污染contaminate外形configuration致命的fatal分院branchflightcollege炸药dynamite手榴弹grenade恢复revertHumanerrorchain:peoplemakesmistake,andaccidenthappens.onemistakeleadstoanothertoanothertoanotherwhichleadstoanaccidentIRS:inertialreferencesystem惯性基准系统干预interfere配件附件accessory气动的pneumatic有形的具体的concrete临界的marginal连续touchandgo起落Trafficcircuit补充replenish全停fullstop物质物品substance拉紧绷紧strain踝关节ankle肘部elbow对正跑道aligntherunwayPOB:peopleonboard改装训练transitiontraining劫机犯hijacker陆空对话radiotelephonycommunication前轮转弯机构nosewheelsteering执行execute疏散evacuation机长的四条杠的含义：1flyingskill2knowledge3profession4responsibility提供饮食及服务cater（主要在地面装载时会用到）RNP----requirednavigationperformance所需导航性能RDH----thresholdheight跑道入口高度二）几个主要系统组成及功用1LANDINGGEARSYSTEM很多图是关于重着陆，事故以及事故症候的，事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况，damaged，unabletoextend,tiresblow-out,smokefrommaingear等情况，所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对于LANDINGGEARSYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。Tricyclegeararrangement前三点shockstrut减震支柱bumper减震器Manualextensionhandles人工放下起落架手柄Nosewheelarrangementadvantages:1)itallowsmoreforcefulapplicationofbrakesforhigherlandingspeedwithoutnosingover.2)itpermitsbettervisibilityforthepilotsduringlandingandtaxing3)ittendstopreventaircraftfromground-loopingbymovingtheC.Gforwardofthemaingear.Landinggearsafetydevises:1)Mechanicaldownlock----------topreventaccidentaloperationofthemechanicaldownlocks,electricallyoperatedsafetyswitchesareinstalled.2)Safetyswitches-----------------Thetorquelinksspreadapartormovetogetherastheshockstrutpistonextendsorretractsinitscylinder.3）Groundlock----------------onecommontypeofapininstalledinalignedholesdrilledin2ormoreunitsofthelandinggearsupportstructure.2HYDRAULICSYSTEM第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulicsystem的，建议这个系统多熟悉一下Unitscommonlyoperatedbyhydraulicsystem:Landinggears,wingflaps,slats,speedandwheelbrakes,nosewheelsteering,Primaryflightsurfaceshydraulicsystemcomponents:anenginedrivenpump,afilter,areservoir,apressureregulator,anaccumulator,apressuregauge,areliefvalve,anemergencypump,twocheckvalves,aselectorvalve,anactuatingcylinderoperationtheenginedrivenpumpwhichisdirectlycoupledtotheenginewilloperatewhentheengineisrunning.Thepumpdrawsfluidfromreservoirandexpelstothesystemthroughthefilterandacheckvalveandthepressurecanbebuiltup.thepressureregulatorunloadsorrelievestheenginedrivenpumpwhenthedesiredpressureinthesystemachieved.thusit’softenreferredtoasanunloadingvalve.Intheeventofmalfunctionofpressureregulator,thereliefvalvewillreleaseanypressureabovethatmaintainedbytheregulator.3AIRCONDITIONINGANDPRESSSURIZATIONSYSTEMThecabinairconditioningandpressurizationsystemsuppliesconditionedairforheatingandcoolingthecockpitandcabinspaces.Thisairalsoprovidespressurizationtomaintainasafeandcomfortablecabinenvironment.Someoftheairconditioningsystemsinstalledinmodernaircraftutilizeairturbinerefrigeratingunitstosupplycooledair.Thesearecalledaircyclesystem.Functionofairconditioningsystem:Tomaintainacomfortabletemperaturewithinthefuselage.Inatypicalsystemthetemperatureismeasuredandcomparedtothedesiredsettingofthetemperaturecontrols.1supplyventilationair2supplyheatedair3supplycooledairFunctionofcabinpressurecontrolsystem:Toprovidecabinpressureregulation,pressurerelief,vacuumrelief,andthemeansofselectingthedesiredcabinaltitude.4WINGTIPDEVICES-----------improvetheefficiencyoffixed-wingaircraft,intendedeffectidalwaystoreducethedragbyalteringtheairflownearthewingtips.5APU-------AUXILIARYPOWERUNITFunction-----toprovidepowertostartthemainengines.Turbineenginesmustbeacceleratedtoahighrotationalspeedinordertoprovidesufficientaircompressionforself-sustainingoperation.Beforeenginesaretobeturned,theAPUisstarted,generallybyabatteryorhydraulicaccumulator.OncetheAPUisrunning,itprovidespower(electric,pneumatic,orhydraulic,dependingonthedesign)tostarttheaircraft'smainengines.APUsfittedtoETOPS(Extended-rangeTwin-engineOperations)aircraftareacriticalsafetydevice,astheysupplybackupelectricityandcompressedairinplaceofth