非谓语动词与状语从句的转化

非谓语动词与状语从句的转化状语从句是同学们在初中就掌握的内容，笔者现将非谓语动词与状语从句之间转换的规律作一归纳，帮助大家更好地掌握非谓语动词。一、非谓语动词与时间状语从句间的转换。1.当主、从句的主语一致，主、从句的谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生时，且从句中谓语动词是主动语态，可用现在分词的一般式转换。如：Whentheyheardthenews，theyjumpedwithjoy.Hearingthenews，theyjumpedwithjoy.当他们听到这则消息时,高兴得跳了起来。2.当主、从句的主语一致，从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前或从句中谓语动词是完成时，可用现在分词的完成式转换。如：Afterhe(had）returnedhome，hebegantowork.Havingreturnedhome，hebegantowork.回到家以后,他开始工作。3.当主、从句主语一致时，由after，before，since，assoonas等引导的从句可分别用after/before/since/on加动名词短语转换。如：SinceIsawyoulast，Ihavebeenill.Sinceseeingyoulast，Ihavebeenill.自从我上次见你后,就一直在生病。Assoonasheheardthis，hecouldn’thelpcrying.Onhearingthis，hecouldn’thelpcrying.他一听到这事,不禁哭了起来。4.当主、从句主语一致时，以when，while引导的从句，也可用when/while加现在分词短语转换。如Whilewewerewalkingalongtheriver,weheardsomeoneshouting.Whilewalkingalongtheriver，weheardsomeoneshouting.当我们正沿着河走时,我们听到有人喊叫。5.当主、从句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词是被动语态时,可用过去分词短语转换。如:Aftertheyweresenttothezoo,themonkeyshadgoodhealth.Senttothezoo,themonkeyshadgoodhealth.这些猴子送到动物园后,健康状况都很好。6.当主、从句的主语不一致时，时间状语从句可转换成分词的独立主格结构，即名词/主格代词＋分词。Afterthemeetingwasover，thestudentswentoutofthehall.Themeetingbeingover，thestudentswentoutofthehall.会议结束后,学生们走出了礼堂。Afterhermotherhadpassedaway，shehadtotakecareofhersister.Hermotherhavingpassedaway，shehadtotakecareofhersister.她妈妈去世后,她只好照顾她妹妹。二、非谓语动词与原因状语从句间的转换1.当主、从句的主语一致时，可将原因状语从句转换成现在分词短语。如：Becauseshewasill，shecouldn’tgotoschool.Beingill，shecouldn’tgotoschool.因为她病了,所以没能去上学。Ashehadworkedamongtheworkers，heknewthemverywell.Havingworkedamongtheworkers，heknewthemverywell.由于他曾在工人中工作过,因此对他们很了解。2.当主、从句主语一致，且从句的谓语是被动语态，可用过去分词短语转换。如：AshewasborninShanghai，heknewthecityverywell.BorninShanghai，heknewthecityverywell.由于他出生于上海,他对这座城市很熟悉。3.当主、从句的主语不一致时，可把从句转换成分词的独立主格结构。如：Becauseeveryoneinthiscityknewtheteacher，wehadnotroubleinfindinghishouse.Everyoneinthiscityknowingtheteacher，wehadnotroubleinfindinghishouse.因为这座城市的每个人都认识这位老师,所以我们没费事就找到了他的住处。Asthekeywaslost，shecouldn’tentertheroom.Thekeylost，shecouldn’tentertheroom.由于丢了钥匙,她进不了房间。4.当从句的谓语动词表示否定时，用分词的否定式转换。如：Becausewedidn’tknowhisaddress，wecouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.Notknowinghisaddress，wecouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.因为不知道他的地址,所以没法和他联系。Ashehadn’treceivedareply，hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertoher.Nothavingreceivedareply，hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertoher.由于没有收到回信,他决定再给她写一封信。三、非谓语动词与目的状语从句间的转换1.以sothat/inorderthat引导目的状语从句，主从句主语一致时，用todo/inordertodo/soastodo等不定式短语转换。如：Hegotupearlysothat/inorderthathecouldcatchthetrain.Hegotupearlyto/inorderto/soastocatchthetrain.他起得很早,以便赶上那趟火车。2.用不定式的复合结构forsb.todo转换。如：Hestoodontherocksothat/inorderthatwecouldseehimclearly.Hestoodontherockforustoseehimclearly.他站在岩石上,以便我们把他看清楚。3.当从句是否定句时，用nottodo/inordernottodo/soasnottodo转换。如：Hewentoutsothat/inorderthathecouldn’tcryinpublic.Hewentoutnotto/soasnotto/inordernottocryinpublic.他为了不在公共场合哭出声,就出去了。四、非谓语动词与结果状语从句间的转换1.结果状语从句以so...that/such+a（n）+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句或so+形容词+a（n）+可数名词单数+that从句形式出现，that引导的肯定句可转换为so...astodo或enoughtodo结构。如：Heissostrongaman/suchastrongmanthathecancarrythebigstone.Heissostrongasto/strongenoughtocarrythebigstone.他是个很壮实的人,他能搬起那块大石头。2.such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that引导的状语从句也可用so...astodo或enoughtodo结构转换。如：Thesearesuchshortassignmentsthattheycanbefinishedbyme.Theassignmentsaresoshortthattheycanbefinishedbyme.Theassignmentsaresoshortastobefinishedbyme.Theassignmentsareshortenoughtobefinishedbyme.作业很少,我能做完。3.当主从句的主语不一致时，可用so...asforsb.todo或enoughforsb.todo结构转换。如：Thegirlspokesoslowlythatwecouldunderstandher.Thegirlspokesoslowlyasforustounderstand.Thegirlspokeslowlyenoughforustounderstand.那女孩说得慢,我们能听懂她讲的话。4.当结果状语从句是否定式时，可用too...todo/so...asnottodo/not...enoughtodo结构转换。如：Heissuchayoungboy/soyoungaboythathecan’tgotoschool.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboyissoyoungasnottogotoschool.Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.这男孩太小,不能上学。