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1语法系列复习专题三-----形容词、副词1.狠抓基础知识:复习项目:定语从句、动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动词时态、主谓一致、名词性从句、情态动词、强调句。2.易混淆词语辨析:1)carryon(vi.)继续;carryout(vt.)实行;实现;执行。例如:Theycarriedouttheplanandcarriedonwiththework.2)lie(lay,lain)down躺下;lay(laid,laid)down放下3)inchargeof负责…,inthechargeof由…负责。例如:I’minchargeoftheclass.=Theclassisinthechargeofme.4)beangrywith/atsb.生某人气;beangryat/about/oversth.因某事生气;例如:Mothergotangrywith/atmeonlybecauseIhadbrokenapreciouscup.5)callonsb.拜访某人;callatsp.访问某处dropinonsb.顺便拜访某人;dropinatsp.顺便拜访某处6)knockon/atsth.敲某物;knockintosb./sth.撞上某人/某物。7)bytheway顺便说;ontheway(to)…在去…的路上;intheway以这种方式,碍事;insb’sway碍某人的事例如:Bytheway,wouldyoupleasebuymeapenonthewaytoschool?顺便说一下,你上学路上能帮我买支笔吗?Ifyouworkinthewayyouwillbeinmyway.如果你以这种方式工作,那你就碍我的事了。8)deep与deeply:两词作副词用时,前者表可量度的“深”意思。后者表抽象概念的“深”意。例如:Theydugdeepbutdidn’tfindwater./Iwasdeeplymoved.9)befitfor=besuitable/properfor适合于;fit(v.)(尺寸、大小)适合。例如:Theclothesfitme,andthecolourisalsofitforme.这衣服我穿合身,而且颜色也合适。10)glanceat…瞅/瞥/很快地看一眼…;glanceover…穿过…瞅/瞥/很快看。例如:Heglancedathershoulder.他瞅了一下她的肩膀。Heglancedoverhershoulderandfoundashortmanfollowingher.他从她的肩膀瞥了一眼,发现有个矮个子男的跟着她。11)saytooneself=thinktooneself暗自思量;talktooneself自言自语12)breakoff(使)折断;停止说话;突然中断;停顿;breakdown武力镇压;推翻;将(门、墙等)捣毁;崩溃;分解;瓦解;出毛病;坏掉;breakup分解;驱散;打碎;拆散breakinto闯入。例如:Somepeoplebrokedownthedoorandbrokeintohishouse.TheybrokeuptheTVandsomethingelse.Whentheylefttheybrokeoffsometreesinthegard.一些人捣开他的屋门闯进他家,他们打碎了电视机和一些别的东西。走时又砍倒了院子里的几棵树。13)beinlovewithsb.与某人相爱(延续状态);fallinlovewithsb.爱上某人(短暂情况)。例如:Theyfellinlovewitheachotherthreeyearsagoandtheyhavebeeninlovewitheachotherforthreeyears.三年前他们相爱了,三年来他们一直相爱着。14)bedressedas/like…穿得象/打扮成…;bedressedin…穿着…。例如:Themanwhoisdressedinblueclothesisdressedasaworker.穿着蓝衣服的那个男人打扮得象个工人。15)seatvt.就座,容纳;sitvi.坐例如:Heisseatedintheroom.=Hesits/issittingintheroom.Thecinemacanseat500people.216)workon从事于;忙于;workout做出,解出。例如:Theyareworkingonthemathsproblemsandhaveworkedoutnearlyhalf.17)believe相信(某人的话);believein信赖;信任。例如:ThoughIbelievewhathesaidjustnow,Ican’tbelievehim.虽然我相信他刚才说的话,但是我不信赖他。18)share与sharein:两词都可表“分享”意,但share还可表“合用”、“共用”意。例如:Weshouldshare(in)bothhappinessandsorrow.Iwouldn’tliketosharethebedwithyou.我不愿与你合睡一张床。19)many与manya:两词都表“许多”意。但many后跟复数名词,复数谓语;manya后跟单数名词,单数谓语。例如:Manystudentsarewritingnow.=Manyastudentiswritingnow.20)morethan多于;不仅;notmorethan不超过;nomorethan不过;仅仅。例如:Wintersleepismorethansleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。Sheisnotmorethanthirty.她不超过三十岁。Sheisnomorethanthirty.=Sheisonlythirty.她只不过三十岁。21)bysurprise,insurprise与toone’ssurprise:bysurprise用于take…bysurprise出乎…意料;对…突然袭击。例如:Hetookmebysurprisewhenhesuddenlyappearedatthedoor.他突然出现在门口,这使我感到意外。insurprise惊讶地。例如:Helookedatmeinsurprise.他惊讶地看着我。toone’ssurprise使某人惊讶的是。例如:Tomysurprisehegotfullmarksinthephysicstest.使我惊讶的是他物理得了满分。22)astonish=surprise使吃惊;使惊讶;shock使震惊;使震动;使电击。例如:Itastonished/surprisedusthathedidn’tgotoworkthismorning.Thenewsthatalltheboatshadsunkinthestormshockedus.23)raise与rise:raisevt.升起;举起;提高;饲养;risevi.上升;升高;升起。例如:Theyclimbedupontothetopoftheshiptoraisethemselvessoastowatchthesunwhichwasrisingintheeast.Theworkerswantedtohavetheirpayraised.24)takecare与lookout:两个短语都有“小心”、“当心”意。takecare既可单独使用,也可跟宾语从句或不定式;lookout只能单独使用,若表“挑选”意,可跟宾语。25)dieof与diefrom:都表“死于…”意。dieof后跟表“内因”的死因,如:hunger,anger,brief(忧伤);diefrom后跟表“外因”的死因,如:flood,lockofwater,chestwound;具体病名,如:cancer,stomachache等则可用于两短语之后。26)putout熄灭/扑灭(火等);关掉(灯、煤气)等;putdown放下;平定/镇压(起义、暴乱等);记下27)liveon以…为生/为主食;livein住在…;liveby(doing…)靠(做某事)维生/生活28)thinkabout考虑;thinkof考虑;想出;思念;thinkover仔细考虑;thinkup想出;编造;设计出29)tryon试穿;tryout试…能力;试用(某人,某物)30)makeof由…制成(成品中见不到原料模样);makefrom由…制成(成品中见不到原料模样);makeupof由…构成;由…组成;makeoutof由…制出;由…改制而成。31)keepoff离开;勿接触;keep…out将…阴挡在外32)anumberof…许多/一些…;thenumberof……的数目33)handout分发;handin上交;handto交给;递给34)falltopieces跨台;崩溃;倒塌;解体;fallintoruins成为废墟3.交际用语的几个注意点:31)回答道谢语或道歉语可说“That’sallright.”“That’sOK.”(意“不用谢”,“没关系”。)但不能说“Allright.”“OK.”2)回答“Would/Doyouminddoingsth.”问句,表“不介意”多说“(No).notatall/notintheleast.”“Ofcoursenot.”“Certainlynot.”而不要误说“Yes.”“Yes,please.”“allright.”“Nevermind.”要表达“介意”时,宜采用委婉方式,如:“Sorry,you’dbetternot.”3)别人赞扬你时,不要说“No,no,(don’tsayso.),”通常说“Thankyou.”4)别人邀请你(吃东西、参加舞会等)时,或主动向你提供帮助时,表示“同意”多说“Yes,thankyou.”表示“不同意”多说“Thankyou/That’sverykindofyou,but…(引出拒绝原因)”或“No,thankyouallthesame/justthesame.”4.几项语法疑难1)动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较1作主语:(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如:Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.Talkingiseasyanddoingisdifficult.=Totalkiseasyandtodoisdifficult.(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为,或表示将来的行为,宜用不定式。例如:Ittookhimtwohourstofinishthework.Tobeascientistishisdesire(愿望).(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为,一般用动名词。例如:Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.2作宾语:(1)有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可,意义也差不多,主要有:begin,start,continue,love,prefer等。(2)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,主要有:wish,hope,expect,demand,refuse,decide.(3)有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,已学过的这类词有:finish,imagine,insiston,enjoy,escape,consider,can’thelp,admit,avoid,mind,miss,practise,putoff(延迟)=delay,suggest.(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别,主要有:forget,remember,regret,stop,mean,try,want,need,require,goonA.forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事=forgethavingdonesth.=forgettohavedonesth.B.remembertodosth.记住要做某事rememberdoingsth.记住做过某事C.regrettodosth.遗憾(要)做某事
本文标题:河南专升本:语法系列复习专题三-----形容词、副词
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