河南专升本：语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型

1语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!中华人民共和国万岁！behappy!快乐！haveagoodtime!玩得愉快！succeed!成功！makeprogress!进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1．在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1）表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形例如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那儿。2）与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might＋havedone例如：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldnt/wouldnthavemissedthebus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。3）与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodowould/should/could/might＋动词原形例如：Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）Ifyoudropped/shoulddrop/weretodroptheglass,itwouldbreak.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。4）if的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff./Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。例如：——Whydidntyouattendthepartyyesterday?——Iwould/shouldhave,butIwastoobusythen.Mayyou祝你2Iwassurprisedthatyoudidntlikethisjob.Youcouldhavedoneitbetter.（后面省略了ifyouhadlikedit.）6)混合时间条件句与主句条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。例如：Iftheteacherhadntbeenillyesterday,whocouldgiveusalecturenow?/Ifyouhadreviewedthelesson,youwouldanswerthequestionnow.7)含蓄条件句与主句即用without(＝butfor),or(else)代替if从句。例如：Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.＝Ifhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.2.在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中用法：在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：Themanspeaksasifhewereaforeigner./Thespeakertoldusalotaboutthatcountryasthoughhehadbeentheremanytimes./Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.注：asif/asthough从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：1）在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：A．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“haddone”形式。例如：IwishIhadpassedyesterdaysexam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。B．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：Hewisheshewasascleverasyou./IwishIhadalargeroomtolivein.C．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/coulddo”形式。例如：HowIwishIwouldgoabroadnextyear!2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should)do”形式。例如：Isuggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insistthathe(should)besenttothenearesthospitalassoonaspossible.3)在“Itis(about/high)time＋that从句”结构中，that从句的谓语用一般过去时或“shoulddo”形式。例如：Itishightimehe他该开始了。4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should)do”形式。例如：Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewcomradestohelptheothergroups./Hegaveanorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.虚拟语气考点分析1．——Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为wouldhave则成立，可以理解为IwouldhavecomeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wasgoingto可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。therehadntbeenwehadntgotstarted.shouldstart.32．Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。3．Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should)do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。4．IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。5．——Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.——Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wuldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。6.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。7．Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时asif从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。8．Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。9．Ididntseeyouruncleattheparty.Ifhe_____,hewouldhavesaidhellotome.A.wouldcomeB.hadcomeC.cameD.didcome析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为wouldhavesaid，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。10．_____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeC.Did;notbeD.Not;be析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用haddone形式，故应选A，Haditnotbeenforyourhelp＝Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp.（要不是你帮忙的话）11．MrSmithwasbadlyill,orhe_____ourdinnerparty.A.shouldcometoB.wouldhaveattendedC.wouldcometoD.shouldhaveattended析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。倒装句型英语的倒装有两大类型：一、全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：1．here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。例如：Hereisaletterforyou./Theregoesthelasttrain./Thedooropened,andincameMrSmith./Awaywenttheboy./Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas./Backcametheothers./Outrushedtheboywithanappleinhishand./Thencameanoiselikethunder./Nowcomesthebus.2．介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。例如：Inthecorneroftheroomstandsawriting－table./Southofthecityliesabigfactory./U