初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

1被动语态语法专项讲解与训练学案适用者：宋潇(一)语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Tom(执)cleans(谓动)theroom(承)everyday.(主动)Theroom(承)iscleaned(谓动)byTom(执)everyday.(被动)被动语态结构：助动词be+动词的过去分词done，即bedone，常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。(二)被动语态的用法(1)动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by短语。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.(3)突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。(三)被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现，done不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。以do为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：1．一般现在时：am/is/are+done2．一般过去时：was/were+done3．一般将来时：shall/will+bedoneam/is/aregoingtobedone4．现在完成时：have/has+been+done5．情态动词：can/may/must/should/havetobedone以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done过去进行时：was/were+being+done过去完成时：had+been+done过去将来时：should/would+bedone(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.执行者动词承受者→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.承受者谓语by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。练习：1.一般现在时：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.___________________________inthesouthofthecountry.2.一般过去时：NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.TheCD-ROM___________________________NancyJackson.23.一般将来时：Theywillholdthecharityshowintheschoolhall.Thecharityshow___________________________intheschoolhall.4.现在完成时：Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbook___________________________here.5．含有情态动词的被动语态：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomework____________________________________afterclass.(五)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等。(1)Thebookwasshowntotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,get,keep,make,order,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：动词+介词，如:laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,workon等。动词+副词，如:sellout,findout,giveup,handin,workout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turnon,wakeup等。ThemostdifficultproblemwasworkedoutbyTom.Thesongisoftenlistenedtobygirls.4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthbekeptclean)(2)Shetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo…)→Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo…)注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.3记住下列变化：seesbdo…beseentodohearsbdo….beheardtodolistentosbdobelistenedtotodomakesbdo…bemadetodo5.有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewcomputersellswell.这新产品很畅销。(3)Theprinterprintsquickly.这个打印机打印很快。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)6.只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等。(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cometrue等。如：Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.误：Theaccidentwastakenplacelastnight..第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,lie等。Thesunhasalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhasalreadybeenrisen.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.7.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.众所周知……ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.8.注意区别系表结构（be+adj.）和被动语态。Hisglassesarebroken.(系表)Hisglasseswerebrokenbythecat.(被动)Thedoorisclosed.(系表)ThedoorwasclosedbyTom.(被动)Heissurprised.(系表)Hewassurprisedbythesnake.(被动)被动语态专项练习（一）一、用动词的正确语态填空。1.English_________(speak)themostwidelyintheworld.42.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.3.Thetown___________(call)Rugao.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.5.What_____aknife______(make)of?It___________(make)ofmetalandwood.6.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.7.Theroom_____________(clean)byMumalready.Youdon’tneedtocleanit.8.Thesportsmeeting________________(hold)inaweek.9.Heishappythathisdream_______________(come)true.10.Thecinema_______________(build)in1985.11.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.12.______themagazine____________(cantake)outofthelibrary?三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（1×30=30分）1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改为主动语态）_______people_________teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresent____________________________bymyparentseveryyear．3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.Thechildrenwillsing