《实战整合营销学》完整讲稿Title

ComputerOperatingSystemsFANGDingyi(房鼎益)DepartmentofNetworking&CommunicationEng.TEL:[phone](lab);88308114(O)Email:[e-mail]销售信:OperatingSystems—InternalsandDesignPrinciples(3irdor4thedition)，WilliamStalling,PrenticeHall/清华大学出版社;魏迎梅等译，电子工业出版社出版WordsbeforetheCourse:Grade:30%(10%presentation+10%homewwork+10%project)+30%(midtermexam)+40%(finalexam)Claimoftheexam:allquestionareinEnglishWordsbeforetheCourse:Referenceboobs（inChinese）:1.《计算机操作系统》,骆斌等著，高等教育出版社；2.《计算机操作系统》,孙雅如、房鼎益著，西电出版社；3.《计算机操作系统》,汤子赢等著，西电出版社；4.《计算机操作系统》,何炎祥等著，清华大学出版社；ComputerSystemOverviewChapter1‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23OperatingSystem•Exploitsthehardwareresourcesofoneormoreprocessors(充分利用处理机资源)•Providesasetofservicestosystemusers(提供方便用户使用的服务)•ManagessecondarymemoryandI/Odevices(管理外存与外设)‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23BasicElements•Processor•MainMemory–referredtoasrealmemoryorprimarymemory–Volatile(易挥发的—掉电后内容丢失)•I/Omodules–secondarymemorydevices–communicationsequipment–terminals•Systembus–communicationamongprocessors,memory,andI/Omodules‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23Top-LevelComponents‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ProcessorRegisters•User-visibleregisters–Enableprogrammertominimizemain-memoryreferencesbyoptimizingregisteruse•Controlandstatusregisters–Usedbyprocessortocontroloperatingoftheprocessor–Usedbyoperating-systemroutinestocontroltheexecutionofprograms‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23User-VisibleRegisters•Maybereferencedbymachinelanguage•Availabletoallprograms-applicationprogramsandsystemprograms•Typesofregisters–Data–Address•Index•Segmentpointer•Stackpointer‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23User-VisibleRegisters•AddressRegisters–Index•involvesaddinganindextoabasevaluetogetanaddress–Segmentpointer•whenmemoryisdividedintosegments,memoryisreferencedbyasegmentandanoffset–Stackpointer•pointstotopofstack‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ControlandStatusRegisters•ProgramCounter(PC)–Containstheaddressofaninstructiontobefetched•InstructionRegister(IR)–Containstheinstructionmostrecentlyfetched•ProgramStatusWord(PSW)–conditioncodes–Interruptenable/disable–Supervisor/usermode‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ControlandStatusRegisters•ConditionCodesorFlags–Bitssetbytheprocessorhardwareasaresultofoperations–Canbeaccessedbyaprogrambutnotaltered–Examples•positiveresult•negativeresult•zero•Overflow‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23InstructionExecution•Twosteps–Processorreadsinstructionsfrommemory•Fetches–Processorexecuteseachinstruction‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23InstructionCycle‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23InstructionFetchandExecute•Theprocessorfetchestheinstructionfrommemory•Programcounter(PC)holdsaddressoftheinstructiontobefetchednext•Programcounterisincrementedaftereachfetch‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23InstructionRegister•Fetchedinstructionisplacedintheinstructionregister•Typesofinstructions–Processor-memory•transferdatabetweenprocessorandmemory–Processor-I/O•datatransferredtoorfromaperipheraldevice–Dataprocessing•arithmeticorlogicoperationondata–Control•altersequenceofexecution‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23CharacteristicsofaHypotheticalMachine‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ExampleofProgramExecution‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23DirectMemoryAccess(DMA)•I/Oexchangesoccurdirectlywithmemory•ProcessorgrantsI/Omoduleauthoritytoreadfromorwritetomemory•Relievestheprocessorresponsibilityfortheexchange•Processorisfreetodootherthings‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23Interrupts•Aninterruptionofthenormalsequenceofexecution•Improvesprocessingefficiency•AllowstheprocessortoexecuteotherinstructionswhileanI/Ooperationisinprogress•Asuspensionofaprocesscausedbyaneventexternaltothatprocessandperformedinsuchawaythattheprocesscanberesumed‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ClassesofInterrupts‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ProgramFlowofControlWithoutInterrupts‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ProgramFlowofControlWithInterrupts,ShortI/OWait‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ProgramFlowofControlWithInterrupts;LongI/OWait‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23InterruptHandler•Aprogramthatdeterminesnatureoftheinterruptandperformswhateveractionsareneeded•Controlistransferredtothisprogram•Generallypartoftheoperatingsystem‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23Interrupts•Suspendsthenormalsequenceofexecution‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23InterruptCycle‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23InterruptCycle•Processorchecksforinterrupts•Ifnointerruptsfetchthenextinstructionforthecurrentprogram•Ifaninterruptispending(待解决的),suspendexecutionofthecurrentprogram,andexecutetheinterrupt-handlerroutine‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23TimingDiagramBasedonShortI/OWait‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23TimingDiagramBasedonShortI/OWait‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23SimpleInterruptProcessing‹#›网络与分布式系统研究室(DisNetLabofNWU)2019/10/23ChangesinMemoryan