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Unit5FirstaidReadingFIRSTAIDFORBURNSTheskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyanditslargestorgan.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,poisonsandthesun'sharmfulrays.Thefunctionsofyourskinarealsoverycomplex:itkeepsyouwarmorcool;itpreventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeelcold,heatorpainanditgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious.Firstaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthetreatmentofbums.烧伤的急救皮肤是身体必不可少的部分,也是身体的最大器官。皮肤有三层,它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒,保持体内水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛,它还使你有触觉。因此,你可以想象到,如果你的皮肤烧伤了,就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中,紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。CausesofburnsYoucangetburnedbyavarietyofthings:hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation(bybeingclosetohighheatorfire,etc),thesun,electricityorchemicals.TypesofburnsTherearethreetypesofburns.Burnsarecalledfirst,secondorthirddegreeburns,dependingonwhichlayersoftheskinareburned.◎FirstdegreeburnsTheseaffectonlythetoplayeroftheskin.Theseburnsarenotseriousandshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwo.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforamordent.◎SeconddegreeburnsTheseaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.Thesebumsareseriousandtakeafewweekstoheal.Examplesincludeseveresunburnandbumscausedbyhotliquids.◎ThirddegreeburnsTheseaffectallthreelayersoftheskinandanytissueandorgansundertheskin.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burningclothes,orseverepetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinjuriesandthevictimmustgotohospitalatonce.烧伤的原因:你可能由于各种原因而烧伤:灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火)、阳光、电和化学物品。烧伤的种类:烧伤有三类。根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。一度烧伤:只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重,应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤,由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。二度烧伤:既损伤了皮肤的最上层,又损伤了皮质的第二层。这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤,需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。三度烧伤:所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤,因衣服起火引起的烧伤,或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤,受伤者必须立即送往医院。CharacteristicsofburnsFirstdegreeburns◎dry,redandmildlyswollen◎mildlypainful◎turnwhitewhenpressedSeconddegreeburns◎rough,redandswollen◎blisters◎waterysurface◎extremelypainfulThirddegreeburns◎blackandwhiteandcharred◎swollen;oftentissueunderthemcanbeseen◎littleornopainifnervesaredamaged;maybepainaroundedgeofinjuredarea.烧伤的特性:一度烧伤:·干燥、发红、微肿·微痛·受压时变白二度烧伤:·粗糙、发红、肿胀·起水泡·表层渗液·极其疼痛三度烧伤:·黑、白和焦炭色相间·肿胀,可看到皮下组织·若损害了神经,则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛,或者在创面四周有疼感Firstaidtreatment1Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.Takeoffotherclothingandjewelleryneartheburn.2Coolburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.Itisbesttoplaceburnsundergentlyrunningwaterforabout10minutes.(Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocess,preventsthepainbecomingunbearableandreducesswelling.)Donotputcoldwateronthirddegreeburns.急救处理:1、除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把它脱掉(必要时可用剪刀帮助)。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。2、马上用凉水给伤口冲凉,但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程,可以防止无法忍受的疼痛,还可以减轻肿胀程度)。三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。3Forfirstdegreeburns,placecool,clean,wetclothsonthemuntilthepainisnotsobad.Forseconddegreeburns,keepclothscoolbyputtingthembackinabasinofcoldwater,squeezingthemoutandplacingthemontheburnedareaoverandoveragainforaboutanhouruntilthepainisnotsobad.4Drytheburnedareagently.Donotrob,asthismaybreakanyblistersandthewoundmaygetinfected.3、对于一度烧伤的患者,要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上,直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤,要保持湿布清凉,需把湿布放回冷水盆中,拧出水后再放在烧伤面上,这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右,直到不太痛时为止。4、轻轻地把烧伤面弄干,但不要擦拭,因为这样做可能会擦破水泡,伤口会感染。5Covertheburnedareawithadry,cleanbandagethatwillnotsticktotheskin.Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.Neverputbutter,oilorointmentonbumsastheykeeptheheatinthewoundsandmaycauseinfection.6Ifbumsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible.Ifbumsareontheface,thevictimshouldsitup.7Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreebums,itisvitaltogetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.5、用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面,用胶布把绷带固定。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏,因为这会使里面的热散不出去,而且还可能导致感染。6、如果烧伤的部位在臂部和腿部,尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤,伤者则应该坐起来。7、如果属于二度或三度烧伤,就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。
本文标题:Unit-5-First-aid课文讲解
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