出师表原文及英文翻译

原文：先帝创业未半而中道崩殂（cú）。今天下三分，益州疲（pí）弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞（sè）忠谏之路也。宫中府中，俱为一体；陟（zhì）罚臧（zāng）否（pǐ），不宜异同；若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸（yōu）之、费祎（yī）、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗（wèi）陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨（bì）补阙漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行（háng）阵和睦，优劣得所。亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长(zhǎng)史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥（wěi）自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有（yòu）一年矣。先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙（sù）夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶(shù)竭驽（nú）钝，攘（rǎng）除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎（jiù）。陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹（zōu）善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。翻译：THEFIRSTMEMORIALTOTHEKINGBEFORESETTINGOFFFORWARZHUGELIANGYourhumbleservantLiangbegstosay:Ourlatekingpassedawaybeforethegreatundertakingfoundedbyhimwashalfaccomplicated.NowChinaisdividedintothreekingdoms.Yizhouisdrainedofitsmanpowerandresources.Thisisacriticaljunctureoflifeordeathforourcountry.Bearingthelateking'sspecialfovorinhearts,hteofficialsatcourtwhoguardYourMajestydarenotslackenintheirvigilanceandthedevotedofficersandsoldiersatthefrontarefightingbravelydisregardingtheirpersonalsafety.TheyarenowrepayingtoYourMajestywhattheyhavereceivedformthelateking.ItisadvisablethatYourMajestyshouldlistenextensivelytothecounselsofofficalsinordertocarryonthelateking'sloftyvirtues,andheightenthemoraleofpeoplewithhighaspiration.ItisinjudiciousthatYourMajestyshouldundulyhumbleyourself,andusemetaphorswithdistortedmeanings,lestyoushouldblockthewayofsincereadmonition.TheimperialcourtandthePrimeMiniste'sOfficeareanintegralwhole.Thereshouldbeimpartialityinmetingoutrewardsandpunishmentstoofficalsfromeitheradministration.Forboththosewhoaretreacherousandviolatethelawandthosewhoareloyalanddosomegooddeed,thesamelegallyappointedofficialsshouldpassdicisiononhowtopunishorreward.ThiswillmakeplaintheequalityandsagaciousnessofYourMajesty'srule.ThereshouldbeneitherprejudicenorpartialityinYourMajesty'sattitudetowardestheofficialsinsideandoutsidethecourtforfearthatdifferentlawsbeputintopractice.ShizhongGouYouzhiandFeiWeiaswellasShilangDondYunarekindandhonestmenwithastrondsenseofloyalty.Thelatekingappointedthemofyoursake,andIrespectfullyopinethatallpoliticalaffairsatcourt,regardlessofmagnitude,befirstsubjictedtotheirinquirybeforeactionsaretaken.Inthiswaycanerrorsbeamended,negligenceavoided,andgreaterresultsattained.GeneralXiangChongiswellversedinmilitaryaffairsandiskindandjustbynature.Afterevaluatiinghisperformanceofatrialbasis,thelatekingpriasedhistalentability.Thatiswhyofficialshaveelectedhimtobecommander-in-chief.Ihumblysuggestthatmilitaryconcerns,regardlessofweight,befirstmetwithhisconsideration.Inthiswaywilltherebeharmonyamongthetroops,andmenbothcapableandicapbalewilleachfindhisproperplaceinthecamp.Tobeclosetothevirtuousandableofficialsandkeepawayfromthevileandmeanpersons.ThatwasthereasonthattheWwsternHanDynastywasprosperous.Tobeclosetothevileandmeanpersonsandkeepawayformthevirtuousandableofficials.ThatwasthereasonthattheEastHanDynastywascollapsed.Whenthelatekingwasaliveandtalkedwithmeaboutthesehistoricallessons,heusedtohameasighinedtestationforEmperorHunandEmerorLing.Shizhong,shilang,zhangshiandcanjunarefaithful,upright,andreadytolaydowntheirlvesforhonorandfidelity.Asyourhumbleservant,IhopethatYourMajestywillretainclosetiestothemandtrustthem.ThencantheprosperityoftheHanDynastybesoonrealized.Iwasoriginallyacommonerwhohadtowearclothesmadeofhemp,andtilledlandinNanyang.Imerelymanagedtosurviveintimesofturbulenceandhadnointentionofseekingfameandpossitionfromprinces.Withandutterdisregardofmylowsocialstatusandmeagerfundofknowlegde,thelatekingcondescendedtovisitmeatmythatchedcottagethreetimestoconsultmeaboutthecurrenteventsofthecountry.IfeltsogratefulthatIpromittedtoservehim.SoomafterwardssinceIreceivedmyassignmentatthetimeofthesetbackandwasdispatchedasanevvoyatthemomentofcrisis.Thelatekingknewmyprudence,andentrustedmeonhisdeathbedwiththedutyofassistingYourMajestyingoverningthecountry.SincethenIhavebeenworryingandsighingnightanddaylestIshoulddoharmtothelateking'sillustriousfameifIfailtobeeffective.IwasthusumpelledtoleadanarmyacrosstheLuRiverinMayandwentdeepintothebarrendistrict.Nowthewholesouthisunderourruleandwehaveplentyoffightersandarmaments.ItistimetorewardourarmymenandleadthemnothwardtoconquertheCentralPlains.AlthoughIaminferiorinabilitylikeawornouthorseorabluntknife,Iwoulddomyutmosttorootouttreacherousevildoers,rejuvenatetheHanDynasty,andmovethecapitalbacktotheoldcity.IowethistothelatekingandwishthdemonstratemyloyaltytoYourMajisty.Asforgovernmentaffairssuchastheaugmentationorrepealofcertainmeasures,orthebroadeningofthewaytoreceiveexhortations,theyarethedutiesofGouYouzhi,FeiWei,andDongYun.IhopeYourMajestywoulddelegatetomethetaskofpunishingthetraitorsandrejuvenatingtheHanDynasty,IfIshouldfailtoachievethis,p