利用GIS数据生成3D建筑模型

华中科技大学硕士学位论文利用GIS数据生成3D建筑模型姓名：夏晓飞申请学位级别：硕士专业：系统分析与集成指导教师：周建中;李利军20060511I(ThreeDimensionalCityModel3DCM)3DMAXCreator“”——“”GIS“”OpenFlightIIAbstractThreeDimensionalCityModel(shortfor3DCM)istheoneofmostimportantinformationfoundationdataofDigitalCityconstruction.CurrentlymostmodelsofDigitalCitywerebuiltvia3DMAXCreatororotherprofessionalModelingtools.Althoughthesemodelscontainmoredetailandexpressmorevividtheyneedmoreresourceinruntimerenderingenvironment.AndcreatesomanymodelsinDigitalCityisverytime-consuming.Thereforemuchmoreattentionwaspaidonhowtobuildmodelsmoreeffectiveandmorereasonable.Firstlythepaperintroducesthebasicconceptionofthedigitalcityandthebackgroundofthispaper--digitalFoshancitylayoutsystemandmodelingproblemwhichisthedifficultyoftheDigitalCity.Secondlytheresearchstatusindomesticandoverseasbaseonthisproblemisanalyzedinthispaper.Thebuildingmodel'sdataacquisitiondataorganizationdatamanagementandthemodelconstructionmethodarealsodiscussedinthispaper.Duringtheanalysisandarchitectureknowledgemakebuildingmodelintotwopartstoimplementmodelingisbroughtforward.Inthisprocessutilizethe2DGISdatatocreateprofileofthebuildingandthemmaketheroofwhichuserappointed.Wedividedbuildingroofintofourclassesviatheirappearanceanddesignedalgorithmrespective.Basedonthemodeltheauthordiscussedhowtoconvertittostandardmodelingfile--OpenFlight.Thisfilecanloadintodigitalcityruntimerenderingenvironmentdirectlyandmakeniceeffect.Finallytheauthormakesaconclusionofthewholethesisandsomeproblemsworthyofdeeperstudyareputforward.Keywords:3DModelingdatamodelvirtualrealityvisualization____________111.1“”“”――GISGISGPSRS“3S”GISGIS[1][2]21“”“”GISMultigenVega1-121-1GIS——GISCADCAD3DMAXGISGIS1.23GIS:(l)DEMLotharKoppers1998VRML[3]HoppelindstromBalmelli[4]TsuyshihCAD[[55]]DEM[6]DEM()GIS(2)2DGIS2DGIS2DGIS.2DGIS2DGIS(:)(MonikaRanzingerGuntherGleixner1997;TakaichiYoshidaYudaikarasuyanmaYoshinorfOkazaki1998)[7]2DGIS2DGISDEM.DEM2DGISDEM(suyoshiHonjo1998tM.SchilcherZ.Guo.H.KlausR.Roschlaub41998;NorbertHaalaClausBrennerKar-HeinriehAnders1997)[8](3)3DCM[9]KoflerCAD3DCMCADCSG3DCMKoehlCSGCSG[10]3DCMGruenV3D3DGIS[11]3DCMGIS3DCM1.3windowsGISOpenFlightGISGISGISOpenFlight562GISCG3D3DboundaryrepresentationB-repspace-partitioningrepresentation[12]B-rep2-1GIS3DOpenFlight3D2-12-12.1GISGIS2-2GIS…B-repOpenFlight72-2GIS“”GIS2-3GISGISXY1-88.55221.992-61.27218.523-62.47208.934-81.27211.365-88.26155.096-91.55156.367-88.55211.99Xc=-78.83Yc=195.38XY1-9.7226.61217.5623.14316.3613.554-2.4415.985-9.43-40.296-12.72-39.027-9.7226.611…nn1…nn1…n8∑==niicxnx11∑==niicyny11(2.1)nxyxyOpenFlight2.22-42-42-5[13]2-5LODGIS92-5(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(h)(i)(j)(u)(g)(t)(w)(a)(k)(l)(m)(p)(s)(x)2-52.3103[14](1)(2)(3)2.3.1(1)1.:;2.:(2)1.:;2.:;3.:(3)1.:;2.:;3.:;114.23(4)1.:;2.:;3.:;4.:;5.:2.3.2“”(1)(2)123:w()+y()+r()+8()(3)12(Photoshop)2-62-62.3.3IDOpenFlightAPI2-7132-72.42.4.1()14xtyt),(yx),(yx′′xtxx+=′ytyy+=′(4.2)),(ttyx(4.2)=yxP′′=′yxP=yxttT(4.3)TPP+=′(4.4)(4.4)xyxy(z)θ),(ttyxxyθP(4.5)rφθθφ()θφθφθφsinsincoscoscosrrrx−=+=′15()θφθφθφcossinsincossinrrry+=+=′(4.5)φcosrx=φsinry=(4.6)(4.6)(4.5)),(yxθθθsincosyxx−=′θθcossinyxy+=′(4.7)PRP⋅=′(4.8)−=θθθθcossinsincosR2-8(4.7)),(rryxθθsin)(cos)(rrryyxxxx−−−+=′θθcos)(sin)(rrryyxxyy−+−+=′(4.9)(4.7)(4.9)()(4.8)162-8),(rryx),(yxθ),(yx′′(4.9)2-9xy),(00yxθyx′′xyyx′′yx′′xy(1)yx′′),(00yxxy)0,0((2)x′x),(yx),(yx′′r),(rryxrφθ172-9xy),(00yxθyx′′2.4.2zxyxy44x4),,(zyxP=xtytztP),,(zyxP′′′=′xtxx+=′ytyy+=′ztzz+=′(4.10)xyx′y′θ0x0y182-102-10),,(zyxtttT=PP′4T4x4⋅=′′′110001000100011zyxtttzyxzxy(4.11)PTP⋅=′(4.12)()zθθsincosyxx−=′θθcossinyxy+=′zz=′(4.13)y),,(zyx),,(zyx′′′zx),,(zyxtttT=19θzzz−=′′′1000010000cossin00sincos1θθθθzyx(4.14)(4.13)zyx,,x(4.15)y(4.16)xxzyzzyy=′+=′−=′θθθθcossinsincos(4.15)yyxzxxzz=′+=′−=′θθθθcossinsincos(4.16)θ−θR)(1TRR=−()zyx′′′xyzxyzzyx′′′zyx′′′xyz2-11),,(000zyxzyx′′′xyz20),,(000zyxT−−−zyx′′′xyz′′′′′′′′′=1000000321321321zzzyyyxxxuuuuuuuuuR(4.17)xu′yu′zu′xyzTR⋅2-11xyzzyx′′′zyx′′′xyz2.4.370CAD/CAMGISOpenFlight(WireframeModeling)(SurfaceModeling)(SolidModeling)yzx)0,0,0(y′z′x′yu′zu′xu′),,(000zyx21[12]2-112-11OpenFlightVega2233-13-13.1[16]3-2RLRLRLRRLRRRLR(R)903-212345678910(11)B-rep23RL3-2259RLRL2(110)——2(101)901R3(12)902L3-2RLRLRRLRRRLRL3-363-3Box1P(1)P(6)P(3b)P(2)Box2P(1a)P(2a)P(3)P(4)3-3aP(1a)P(4)P(5)Box2P(2a)Box2P(2)P(3)Box2Box1(a)(b)P(2)P(3)P(4)P(5)P(6)P(1)P(1a)P(2a)P(3b)os(c)(d)24P(3b)P(5)P(6)P(2)P(3)(1)6(Lmax)Box1(2)LmaxBox2(L_box2)Box1(W_box1)(3)osL_box2W_box11_boxWosa=a0.1Box2a0.1Box23-3(d)8RL‘*RRL*’‘*LRR*’‘L’683-48253-48LLR3-4abc(1)RL‘LL’‘LRL’‘LRRL’abc(2)LLLLLRLLRRLLRRLLRRL(3)(a)LLRRRRRR(b)LRLRRRRR(c)LRRLRRRRLLLLLL26GISP1x1y1z1P2x2y2z2P3x3y3z3P4x4y4z4(1)P1P2P3P4(2)θ15ab3-52)(5)(3)abθtan4121PPP1P1P2xP1P4yabxy4121PPyxaa=′=′41212ppxxb−=′4121ppyb=′(4)abxy1sincosxyxxaaa+′−′=αα1cossinyyxyaaa+′+′=αα1sincosxyxxbbb+′−′=αα1cossinyyxybbb+′+′=αα(αP1P2x()21sin12PPxx−=α)()21cos12PPyy−=α)(6)(5)P1P4xyaxyP2P3xybxyabθtan4121PP()4121xxxa+=()4121yyya+=()3221xxxb+=()3221yyyb+=(6)(6)ab3-5