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西方传统节日简介Easter(复活节)Easterisatimeofspringtimefestivals.InChristiancountriesEasteriscelebratedasthereligiousholidaycommemoratingtheresurrectionofJesusChrist,thesonofGod.ButthecelebrationsofEasterhavemanycustomsandlegendsthatarepaganinoriginandhavenothingtodowithChristianity.TraditionsassociatedwiththefestivalsurviveintheEasterrabbit,asymboloffertility,andincoloredEastereggs,originallypaintedwithbrightcolorstorepresentthesunlightofspring,andusedinEaster-eggrollingcontestsorgivenasgifts.复活节是春季的节日。在信基督教的国家里,复活节是为纪念基督耶稣的复活而举行的宗教节日。但是复活节有许多习俗和传说的由来都是非宗教的,它们与基督教没有任何关系。与节日密切联系的一些传统有象复活节的野兔,它是作为繁殖生长的象征;还有复活节的彩蛋。最先是被绘以鲜亮的颜色来代表春天的阳光。这些彩蛋还可以用来玩滚彩蛋游戏比赛,或作为小礼物送人。Thanksgiving(感恩节)ThefirstAmericanThanksgivingwascelebratedin1621,tocommemoratetheharvestreapedbythePlymouthColonyafteraharshwinter.InthatyearGovernorWilliamBradfordproclaimedadayofthanksgiving.ThecolonistscelebrateditasatraditionalEnglishharvestfeast,towhichtheyinvitedthelocalWampanoagIndians.Daysofthanksgivingwerecelebratedthroughoutthecoloniesafterfallharvests.Allthirteencoloniesdidnot,however,celebrateThanksgivingatthesametimeuntilOctober1777.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidenttodeclaretheholiday,in1789.第一个美国人庆贺的感恩节在1621年,为了纪念普利茅斯殖民地的人民在经过一个歉收荒芜的冬季后迎来丰收。在那一年,州长WilliamBradford宣布那天作为感恩节。殖民者把它当成传统的英国丰收节日来庆贺,在当天,他们还邀请当地的印地安的万泊诺亚格人。感恩的节日延续了整个秋季的收获季节,但其他的十三个殖民地没有庆贺这个节日,直到1777年10月。乔治-华盛顿在1789年宣布把它定为节日,他也是第一位宣布感恩节的总统。Valentine'sDay(情人节)ThehistoryofValentine'sDay--anditspatronsaint--isshroudedinmystery.ButwedoknowthatFebruaryhaslongbeenamonthofromance.St.Valentine'sDay,asweknowittoday,containsvestigesofbothChristianandancientRomantradition.So,whowasSaintValentineandhowdidhebecomeassociatedwiththisancientrite?Today,theCatholicChurchrecognizesatleastthreedifferentsaintsnamedValentineorValentinus,allofwhomweremartyred.OnelegendcontendsthatValentinewasapriestwhoservedduringthethirdcenturyinRome.WhenEmperorClaudiusIIdecidedthatsinglemenmadebettersoldiersthanthosewithwivesandfamilies,heoutlawedmarriageforyoungmen--hiscropofpotentialsoldiers.Valentine,realizingtheinjusticeofthedecree,defiedClaudiusandcontinuedtoperformmarriagesforyoungloversinsecret.WhenValentine'sactionswerediscovered,Claudiusorderedthathebeputtodeath.OtherstoriessuggestthatValentinemayhavebeenkilledforattemptingtohelpChristiansescapeharshRomanprisonswheretheywereoftenbeatenandtortured.Accordingtoonelegend,Valentineactuallysentthefirst'valentine'greetinghimself.Whileinprison,itisbelievedthatValentinefellinlovewithayounggirl--whomayhavebeenhisjailor'sdaughter--whovisitedhimduringhisconfinement.Beforehisdeath,itisallegedthathewroteheraletter,whichhesigned'FromyourValentine,'anexpressionthatisstillinusetoday.AlthoughthetruthbehindtheValentinelegendsismurky,thestoriescertainlyemphasizehisappealasasympathetic,heroic,and,mostimportantly,romanticfigure.It'snosurprisethatbytheMiddleAges,ValentinewasoneofthemostpopularsaintsinEnglandandFrance.情人节的历史充满了神秘,但是我们知道,很久以来,2月就是一个浪漫的月份了。情人节既留有基督教的痕迹,又有古罗马的传统。情人节又称圣瓦伦丁节。关于情人节有好多传说。其中之一是,3世纪的时候,古罗马的皇帝Claudius二世认为独身的男子比有妻子、家庭的男子更善于打仗,于是他宣布婚姻是非法的,这也断绝了士兵的来源。牧师Valentine意识到这条法令的谬误,就公开反对,并且秘密为青年人主持婚礼。Claudius二世知道后就把Valentine处死了。Fathers'Day(父亲节)Inthe1900s,Fathers’DaywascreatedwhenSonoraLouiseSmartDoddwantedtoexpressherdeepappreciationtoherownfather,WilliamSmart,whowaswidowedwhenhiswifediedatgivingbirth.Mr.SmartraisedhissixchildrenonaruralfarmineasternWashingtonState.WhenMs.Doddwasgrownshewantedtoshowherappreciationtoherfather.So,in1909,sheproposedadaytohonorherfatherinJune(themonthofherfather'sbirth).TheveryfirstFathers'DayfollowedonJune19,1910inSpokane,Washington.In1924,PresidentCalvinCoolidgeshowedsupportofthisbecominganationalholiday.However,itwasn'tuntil1966whenPresidentLyndonJohnsonofficiallyproclaimedFathers'Dayanationalholidaytobecelebratedonthe3rdSundayofJune.二十世纪初,苏娜·路易丝·史墨·多德想要向他的父亲威廉·史墨表达敬意,于是产生了父亲节。她父亲在他妻子难产而死以后,就一直鳏居。史墨先生在东华盛顿州的农庄中独力抚养大六个孩子。当多德女士长大成人后,她觉得要向父亲致敬。于是,在1909年她提议在六月里一天向父亲表达敬意。(她父亲在六月生日)。第一个父亲节在1910年6月19日在华盛顿,史布肯庆祝了。1924年,卡文·柯立芝总统表示支持,并将此确立为国家的节日。然而,直到1966年,林顿·约翰逊总统才正式宣布六月的第三个星期天为父亲节,在全国正式地庆祝。Mothers’Day(母亲节)TheearliestMother’sDaycelebrationscanbetracedbacktothespringcelebrationsofancientGreeceinhonorofRhea,theMotheroftheGods.Duringthe1600's,EnglandcelebratedadaycalledMotheringSunday.Celebratedonthe4thSundayofLent.IntheUnitedStatesMother’sDaywasfirstsuggestedin1872byJuliaWardHoweasadaydedicatedtopeace.By1911Mother'sDaywascelebratedinalmosteverystate.WhilemanycountriesoftheworldcelebratetheirownMother’sDayatdifferenttimesthroughouttheyear,therearesomecountriessuchasDenmark,Finland,Italy,Turkey,Australia,andBelgiumwhichalsocelebrateMother’sDayonthesecondSundayofMay.最早的母亲节庆祝可以追溯到古希腊的春天庆典,纪念众神之母尤希。在17世纪,英国在四旬斋的第四个星期天庆祝一个称为“母亲周日”的节日。在美国,母亲节最早在1872年,由朱丽娅·沃得·郝提出,作为一个关注和平的节日。到1911年,几乎所有的州都庆祝母亲节。虽然世界各国的母亲节在不同的时间,很多国家,如丹麦,芬兰,意大利,土耳其,澳大利亚和比利时都在五月的第二个星期天庆祝母亲节。(注:《圣经·新约》中一个魔鬼试探耶稣的故事。说的是魔鬼把耶稣困在旷野里,40天没有给耶稣吃东西,耶稣虽然饥饿,却没有接受魔鬼的诱惑。后来,为了纪念耶稣在这40天中的荒野禁食,信徒们就把每年复活节前的40天时间作为自己斋戒及忏悔的日子,叫做大斋节或者四旬斋(Lent)。据说,古希腊和古罗马的木神节、酒神节都是它的前身。这40天中,人们不能食肉,娱乐,生活肃穆沉闷,所以在斋期开始前的一周或半周内,人们会专门举行宴会、舞会、纵情欢乐
本文标题:西方传统节日简介
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