论乔姆斯基生成语言学的特点及发展趋势-以古典理论阶段中的X阶标理论为例

23Vol12No13200809JournalofYunnanAgriculturalUniversitySept.2008:2008-06-18:(1972-),,,,,)))X万成宾1,赵俊姝2,王健3(1.,650224;2.,650031;3.,611731):X,/,,,0/0,,/0,:;;X;;:H0:A:1004-390X(2008)03-0096-07OntheCharacteristicsandDevelopingTrendofChomskianGenerativeLinguistics:ACaseStudyofX-BarTheoryattheStageofClassicalTheoryWANCheng-bin1,ZHAOJun-shu2,WANGJian3(1.DepartmentofForeignLanguages,SouthwestForestryCollege,Kunming650224,China;2.ForeignLanguagesDepartment,KunmingTeachersCollege,Kunming650031,China;3.EnglishDepartmentofTeacherpsTraining,ChengduInstituteSichuanInternationalStudiesUniversity,Chengdu611731,China)Abstract:ThroughacasestudyofX-BarTheoryatthestageofClassicalTheory,thispapersumsupthecharacteristicsofChomskianGenerativeLinguisticsasfollows:guidedbyAutonomyThesisasitsmethodology,regardingidealspeakerspinternalizedlinguisticcompetenceastheobjectofstudyanda-imingtorevealtheuniversalgrammarindifferentlanguagesbymeansofminimalistprograms.Thanksforitsbrand-newlinguisticoutlook,ChomskianGenerativeLinguisticsisadmiredas/RevolutionofChomsky0inlinguisticcircles.Inthemeanwhile,however,differentvoiceswerealsoheardcriticizingsuchatheory.ChomskianGenerativeLinguisticswaschargedwith/ignoringtheimportanceofcontextandfunctionoflanguage,andconfiningtherangeofstudytophrasesandsentences0.Inordertoin-terpretlinguisticphenomenasatisfactorily,thispaperarguestha,tthetheoryofChomskianGenerativeLinguisticsisinbadlyneedofanin-depthcommunicationwithFunctionalSchoo.lKeywords:Chomsky;generativelinguistics;X-bartheory;characteristics;developingtrend#(NoamChomsky)(ChomskianGener-ativeLinguistics)2050,(transformational-genera-tivegrammar),(Bloomfield),/0,:(一)对/普遍语法0学说的争辩/0(universalgrammar)/,,,,,,,)))UG0[1],/0[2],/0[3],(Halliday),(二)将乔姆斯基生成语言学派与其他语言学流派对比[4,5,6]:,(Descartes),,,,17#(PortRoyal)19(Hum-boldt)/0,[7]/,,,,,0[8]/210[9]/,,0/X0(X-bartheory)/X0(X-barsyntax),,1957(ClassicalTheory)56(SyntacticStructures)X(universalstructuralprinciples),:,X,X,,,(一)阶标与阶标理论(barnotation),X.X,X0X(NP,VP,AP,PP)(head),N,V,A,PX,XPcomplement(,Com-pl)X,specifier(,Spec)X(973,:determiner),XPXPy(Spec)X(Compl)[10]:X.(X)X(Compl),X0(X)(Spec.)X.,XPXX0(1)1X,(pro-jection);(minimalprojection);(max-imalprojection),X01X,,NVPA;X/0(Compl)X.,X./0(Spec.)X0XX(二)乔姆斯基生成语言学的特点1.1,X,,,,(context)(func-tion)X/0(AutonomyThesis),,2,,(syntagmaticrela-tions)X(idealization),(-idealspeaker),,X,(internalizedlanguagecompetence,I-languagecompetence)/0[11],,,,X,NPVPAPPPXP,X,3.,,,:;,,X1,X(diacritics),,,4.XXP(unifiedformula),X(recursiveness),982SNPVP,NPVPS.X/thepatr-ioticprofessortowhomIhaveneverpaidavisit0(2):2X/thepatrioticprofessortowhomIhaveneverpaidavisit02,the(De.t),patriotic(Ad.j),thepatriotic(Spec);professor(N),,pro-fessor(compl)(towhomIhaveneverpaidavisit)X.;pp(towhom)S.(Ihaveneverpaidavisit),,X,/thepatrioticprofessortowhomIhaveoncepaidavisit0:NPy(Det)(Adj)N(PP)(S.)(:)X(redun-dancy),(universalism),(minimallycomplex),,,/0(productivity),,,,,,,(三)乔姆斯基生成语言学面临的挑战与发展趋势(Halliday),:1.,,,,(situationalcontext)(cotext)(cooccurance)(colloca-tion),(contextdependency)()(),2/thepatrioticprofessortowhomIhaveneverpaidavisit02,,993,:,/Patriotic0(defaultmeaning)/Feeling,expressing,orinspiredbyloveforone.scountry0(),(contextfree)/0,:,,,(overgrammaticalization),,2professor(),,/patriotic0,(ideationalfunction),2.,,,(linguisticcompe-tence)(socialman),,,,,(authenticcorpus)3.,,,(discourse),,,,,,,,4./0,,,,/?0,/?0,/?0,/?,:(1),,(2),,(3)(四)乔姆斯基生成语言学发展的动因和趋势1.,,,,,:196556(AspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax)(StandardTheory),;197756(EssaysonFormandInterpretation)(ExtendedStandardTheory),(sur-facestructure),(tracetheory);1981561002(LecturesonGovernmentandBinding)(TheTheoryofGovernmentandBinding)(emptycategory)2.,,,,3.,,,(descriptive)(prescriptive),,,,(FredericNewmeyer)/0[8],19964,/0,/,,,/(C.Fillmore)-.0[7]/,,0,(),,1X,33X3X,(context),,X0X0,,3XX,,(theme/0/0)(rheme/0/0)(speaker.sin-tention)3,,,3X,2NPS,/HeisthepatrioticprofessortowhomIhaveneverpaidavisit0.4XXP4NP(He),VP(isthepatrioticprofessortowhomIhave1013,:neverpaidavisit),V(is),NP2X0(thepatrioticprofessortowhomIhaveneverpaidavisit),1,3,,,,,/0/0,,,,,,,,[][1]./0[J].,2005,(3):157-158.[2].[J].,2004,(3):68.[3].[J].,2004,(2):78.[4],,.[M].:,1989.[5].[J].,2002,(2):1.[6].[J].,2006,(4):143.[7].[J].,2002,(4):1-5.[8].[J].,2003,(3):15.[9],.[J].,2004,(9):53-55.[10]CHOMSKYN.Remarksonnominalization[A].InRAJACOBS,PSROSENBAUM(eds),ReadingsinEnglishtransformationalgrammar[C].Waltham,MA:1970:170-221.[11].Chomsky[J].,2002,(2):151.1022