英语代词总结

代词(pron.)一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清分类人称、作用人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves作用主语宾语、表语定语主语、表语、宾语宾语、表语、同位语（一）人称代词的语序：单数形式：（二、三、一）即：you/he/IYou,sheandIallenjoythemusic.复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/you/they（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him二、it的用法it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。1.代表前面提到过的事物。如：Mypenismissing.Ican’tfinditanywhere.2.用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。-----Whoisknockingatthedoor?-----Itisme.Thewomanhadababy.Itwasfivemonthsold.二、it的用法3.表示时间、距离、天气等。如：Itwillbesunnytomorrow.4.作形式主语或者形式宾语。如：IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellfirst.Itisimpossibleforustolearnaforeignlanguage.it固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.Itishardformetodothiswork.2.轮到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.It’syourturntocleantheroom.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了It’stime(forsb.)todosth.It’stimeforyoutodothehomework.4.据说…It’ssaidthat…It’ssaidthatyourteacherleaveourschool.5.某人花费…做某事Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todo1.Ifound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.It__myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.A.spentB.costC.took3.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.A.goB.togoC.going三、反身代词的用法定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves构成，可用口诀简记如下：反身代词表自身，self与selves单数、复分。一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。三、反身代词的用法（一）作动词的宾语反身代词可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,lookafter等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。1.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimeDidyouenjoyyourselfatthepartylastnight?2.helponeself(tosth.)随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。Helpyourselvestosomefruit,children.三、反身代词的用法3.hurtoneself伤着自己Shedidn’thurtherself.4.teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学DidyouteachyourselfEnglish?=DidyoulearnEnglishbyyourself?5.lookafteroneself照顾自己Icanlookaftermyselfwell,thanks.三、反身代词的用法6.saytooneself自言自语Marysaidtoherself,“WhatshallIdo?”7.cometooneself苏醒Soontheladycametoherself.8.makeoneself+过去分词，使自己被别人…Shedidherbesttomakeherselfunderstood.9.makeyourselfathome别客气，让自己像在家一样Helpyourselftosomefish.Makeyourselfathome.10.loseoneselfin沉浸于……陶醉于……Theybothlostthemselvesinthebeautifulmusic.三、反身代词的用法（二）反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语1.byoneself=alone自己做Shehasdoneherhomeworkbyherself.2.foroneself为自己Shemadetheskirtforherself.3.ofoneself自然而然的、自动的Thedooropenedofitself.4.amongthemselves在他们中间Theyarediscussingthematteramongthemselves.三、反身代词的用法（三）作表语反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。Thelittleboywasmyself.（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。1.作主语的同位语Youwillhavetodoityourself.Hehimselfwrotethewordsandmusicofthesongs.2.作宾语的同位语Iwillgivethelettertoyourbrotherhimself.You’dbetteraskMaryherselfaboutit.1.Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your四、指示代词this/that/these/those单数复数用法1用法2thisthese近指指下文将要提及的事thatthose远指指前面刚提过的事指示代词(this,that,these,those)在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语：Thisisyoursandthatismine.Iliketheseandhelikesthose.Thesecomputersarecheap.WhatIwanttosayisthis.【说明】指示代词用作主语和定语时，可指人或物；用作宾语和表语时，只指物。如Thisismyfather.this在句中作作主语，可以指人，但是在Doyouknowthis?中，this作宾语，此句只能理解为“你知道这个情况吗？”不能理解为“你认识这个人吗？”this与that用法比较1.用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this或that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用this：ShemarriedJim,andthis[that]surprisedme.Iwanttoknowthis:Ishehealthy?我想知道这一点：他是否很健康。2.在打电话时，通常用this指自己，用that指对方：Hello.ThisisJim.IsthatJohn?喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?表替代的that与those有时为了避免重复，可用that和those代替前面提到的名词：ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthatthatofJapan.中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that=thepopulation)HisviewsareclosetothoseoftheSocialistParty.他的观点接近社会党的观点。(those=theviews)That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：Headmiredthatwhichlookedbeautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。Headmiredthosewholookedbeautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）Headmiredthosewhichlookedbeautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）指示代词①ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it②TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those③WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that【辨析】one,it,thatit常用来特指上下文提到的同一事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。Thebookismine.Itisveryinteresting.Ihavesomeapples.Youcanhaveone.TheweatherofDalianismuchwetterthanthatofLanzhou.oneit①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.A.itB.oneC./②Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.A.itB.oneC./one同类不同件．it同类同件．五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等（一）some与anysome一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：Ihavesomeworktodo