定语从句语法点

定语从句TheAttributiveClause带定语从句的谚语：1.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助之。2.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：指人指物subject(主语)object(宾语)attribute（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略定语：用于修饰名词或代词Heisacleverboy.他是一个聪明的男孩。Heisaphysicsteacher.他是一个物理老师。AustraliaisanEnglish-speakingcountry.澳大利亚是一个讲英语的家。Keywords:复合句(含有从句的句子;从句在复合句中充当什么成分就叫什么从句)e.g.1.WhenIcamein,hewasreadingabook.(时间状语从句)2.Ihope(that)youwillgivemeareplysoon.(宾语从句)定语从句：由一个句子充当定语,即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句定语从句的位置：在修饰名词或代词后先行词：引导词：引导定语从句的词关系代词that,who,whom,whose,which,as关系副词when,where,why被定语从句修饰的名词或代词Forexample:•Thisisabookwhichtellsaboutspaceknowledge.先行词关系代词定语从句•定语从句四步：•第一步,找出先行词；•第二,找出定语从句•第三,看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（主语、宾语…）•第四,选择合适的关系词。e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成分(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置关系代词that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（主语）2)ThenoodlesthatIlookedweredelicious.（宾语）1.Thisisthefactory.2.Thefactoryisnearourschool.Thisisthefactory___________________which/thatisnearourschool1.Thisisthefactory.2.Ivisitedthefactory.Thisisthefactory__________________which/thatIvisited.Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(主语)2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.（宾语）1.Thisisthefactory.2.Thefactoryisnearourschool.Thisisthefactory___________________which/thatisnearourschool1.Thisisthefactory.2.Ivisitedthefactory.Thisisthefactory__________________which/thatIvisited.who在从句中作主语和宾语,指人1)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（主语）2)ComradeLiisamanwhoweshouldlearnfrom（宾语）1.Ihaveafriend.2.Ihaveaselflessfriend.3.Ihaveafriend_______________whoisselflesswhom在从句中作宾语,指人3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（宾语）4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.（宾语）2)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.whose在从句中作定语，指人或物1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.whose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：1.whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词That’sthechildwhosedrawingwelookedatjustnow.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.3.whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.4.Whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替whose.指人不可whose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.1)Doyouknowtheman________isstandingoverthere?2)Thegirl____________weweretalkingaboutisMary.who/thatwho(m)/that3)Thebook_________isabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.4)Didyouseethepen__________Ilostyesterday?that/whichthat/which5)Therearesomepeople_______facesyoucan’tforget.6)Iamsittinginthechair______legsarebroken.whosewhoseTherearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucan’tforget.Therearesomepeopleofwhomthefacesyoucan’tforget.Iamsittinginthechairwhoselegsarebroken.Iamsittinginthechairofwhichthelegsarebroken.关系代词who,that作主语•1.Yourfriendcametoseeyouyesterday.•2.YourfriendstudiesinBeijingUniversity.Yourfriendwho/thatstudiesinBeijingUniversitycametoseeyouyesterday.关系代词whom,that作宾语•1.Heistheman.•2.Youhavebeenwaitingfortheman.Heistheman(whom/that)youhavebeenwaitingfor.关系代词which,that作主语•1.Itsoundedlikeatrain.•2.Atrainwasgoingundermyhouse.Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/thatwasgoingundermyhouse.关系代词which/that作宾语•1.Theearthisabigball.•2.Weliveontheearth.Theearth(which/that)weliveonisabigball.关系代词whose作定语•1.Doyouknowtheman?•2.Theman’swatchismissing.Doyouknowthemanwhosewatchismissing?where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。where=inwhich=atwhich1.Thisisthefactory.2.Iworkedinthefactory.★Thisisthefactory____________________which/thatIworkedin.★Thisisthefactoryin_____Iworked.which=where1.Wevisitedthehouse.2.Luxunoncelivedinthehouse.Wevisitedthehouse__________Luxunoncelived.where=inwhich1.Thisisthelibrary_________hasmanybooks.2.Thisisthelibrary__________Ivisited.3.Thisisthelibrary__________Ireadbooks.which/thatwhich/thatinwhich/where^thelibrary^thelibrary^inthelibrarywhen引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。关系副词when=inwhich=atwhich=onwhich1.I’llneverforgettheday.2.IjoinedthePartyontheday.I’llneverforgettheday_________IjoinedtheParty.when=onwhichWestillrememberthatAugust___________wetraveledtogether.^inthatAugustinwhich/when1.Thisistheday____________wecan’tforget.2.Thisistheday____________Iwasborn.which/thatonwhich/whentheday^^onthedaywhy引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词,并在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。why=forwhich1.Therearemanyreasons.2.Peopleliketravelingformanyreasons.Therearemanyreasons_______peopleliketraveling.forwhichwhy=1.Thisisthereason___________hegaveme.2.Thisisthereason___________hewaslate.forwhich/whywhich/thatthereason^^forthereasonas引导定语从句常出现于thesame…as…,such…as…,as…as…,so…as…中。As引导的定语从句常用省略形式，as在从句中既可指人或物，也可指整个句子，指整个句子时可位于句首，句尾或句中。As引导定语从句时，在从句中常作主语，宾语，表语等。•Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.•那些对世界作出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。•(as与such连用，在定语从句中做主语)语，表语等。•Let’smeetatthesameplaceaswedidyesterday.•咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。•（as与thesame连用，在定语从句中做状语）•Shakespeareisafamouswriter,aseverybodyknows.•众所周知，莎士比亚是著名的作家。•(as代替整个从句，做knows的宾语，位于句尾)•Shakespeare,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.•（