2.英语句子种类

英语句子的类型SunnyFriday,July14,2017句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子种类两种分类法一、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!疑问句用来提出问题的句子。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句问句类型解析例句一般疑问句以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头，用Yes或No来回答。Didyouhaveagoodtimeatschool?Canyoufinishyourworkontime?特殊疑问句陈述句语序—针对主语（或修饰语）提问Whosecarisunderthetree?特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序HowdoyoustudyEnglish?选择疑问句一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句（省略结构）Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?特殊疑问句，+A+B？Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?问句类型解析例句反意疑问句结构：陈述句+简短的一般疑问句句式：前肯后否，前否后肯Hehastoleavenow,doesn’the?Hehasn’tbeenthere,hashe?句子含有no,never,hardly,few,nothing,nobody,seldom等否定词，后面用肯定Youhavenothingtotellme,doyou?Shehasfewmoneywithher,doesshe?当前部分为祈使句，后面用willyou;而当前面是Let’s开头，后面用shallwe。Openthedoor,willyou?Let’shavearest,shallwe?Therebe句型当中，后面句子主语用thereThereislittleintheglass,isthere?主从复合句以主句为主；但当主句是I/wethink/believe/suppose时要以从句为主Shethinksshecandance,doesn’tshe?Ithinkheiswrongthistime,isn’the?祈使句提出请求、建议或发出命令等。以动词原形开头（否定形式在前面加Don’t），常在句首或句末加上please。如：Sitdown,please.Don’ttalkinclass.()13.—SorryI’mlate.—______tellmethebusbrokedownagain!A.NevertoB.NotC.Don’tD.No()14.—It’slate,Teresa.______earliernexttimeandyou’llhaveenoughtimetohavebreakfast.—OK,MuniI’llremember.A.GetupB.GettingupC.TogetupD.Gotup★感叹句表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等情绪。类型解析例句以how引导How+形容词/副词+（主+谓）！Howcoldthedayis!Howquicklyheruns!以what引导What+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+（主+谓）！Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!Whatbadweather(itis)!What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+（主+谓）！Whataninterestingstory(itis)!()15._______weatheritistoday!A.WhathotB.HowhotC.WhatahotD.Howahot()16.—_________fantasticTVdramaitis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata()17._______honestmanheis!A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Howan()18.—_________braveZhangHuais!—Yes.Hehelpedhisneighbor,MrsSunoutofthefire.A.WhataB.HowC.HowaD.What【精练】方法：去掉主谓，看剩下的是否含有名词，有名词用what(可数单数用whata),没有用how.二、按句子的结构可分三种1)简单句2)并列句3)复合句1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。Heworkedhardallhislife.(划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.(划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student)Ⅰ.简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补简单句（英语）五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）一特殊：TherebeＳ│Ｖ（不及物动词）（主＋谓）1.Thesun│wasshining.太阳在照耀着。2.Themoon│rose.月亮升起了。3.Theuniverse│remains.宇宙长存。4.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Who│cares?管它呢？6.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系。7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。8.Thepenwritessmoothly这支笔书写流利。│││Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ（主＋系＋表）1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.这是本英汉辞典。2.Thedinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。3.He│fell│inlove.他堕入了情网。4.Everything│looks│different.一切看来都不同了。5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他长得又高又壮6.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。││││Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）1.Who│knows│theanswer?谁知道答案？2.She│smiled│herthanks.她微笑表示感谢。3.He│enjoys│reading.他喜欢看书。4.Theyatewhatwasleftover.他们吃了剩饭。5.HesaidGoodmorning.他说：早上好！││││Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.She│cooked│herhusband│adeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.He│brought│you│adictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。4.He│denies│her│nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。5.Ishowedhimmypictures.我给他看我的照片6.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。││││││Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│Ｏ（宾语）│Ｃ（宾补）（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）1.They│appointed│him│manager.他们任命他当经理。2.They│painted│thedoor│green.他们把门漆成绿色3.This│set│them│thinking.这使得他们要细想一想。4.They│found│thehouse│deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。英语基本句型6Therebe句型某处有某物。be动词可以换成：live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Therelivedanoldkinginthetown.therebe句型的多种样子现在有thereis/are…过去有therewas/were…将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...现在已经有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...过去曾经有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…•1．办公室里肯定有人。•2．战前这儿一直有家电影院的。••3．恰好那时房里没人。Theremustbesomeoneintheoffice.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.•4．曾经，一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。•5．公共汽车来了。•6．铃响了。Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillageTherecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.2)并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。（and.or.but.so）e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.考点梳理并列句包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词and,or,but,so,yet,for或分号来连接，并列句在用法上互不依从，意义上却有密切的关系。1.分句与分句之间的四种关系：（1）联合关系；如：I’mspeakingandyouare